Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTD 7210 Neuroscience > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile (quantities and types of neurotransmitters produced), and or structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True/False
Neuroplasticity is involved in learning and creation of new memories and is essential for recovery from damage to the CNS.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What three mechanisms does neuroplasticity encompass?
A. Habituation, Experience-Independent Plasticity, Recovery or maladaption after Injury
B. Experience-Dependent Plasticity, Recovery or Maladaption after Injury, Neurogenesis
C. Recovery or Maladaption after Injury, Habituation, Experience-Dependent Plasticity
D. None of the Above

A

C. Recovery or Maladaption after Injury, Habituation, Experience-Dependent Plasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a decrease in response to a repeated, benign stimulus?
A. Recovery or Maladaption after Injury
B. Habituation
C. Experience-Dependent Plasticity
D. None of the Above

A

B. Habituation

Awareness decreases, after a break, the awareness returns (ex. car alarm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tactile Defensiveness

A

A sensory processing disorder in which children are extremely reactive to stimulation on their skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vestibular Disorders

A

Types of vertigo in which clients are dizzy with changes in position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a complex process that involves persistent, long-lasting changes in the strength of synapses between neurons with neural networks?
A. Recovery or Maladaption after Injury
B. Habituation
C. Experience-Dependent Plasticity
D. None of the Above

A

C. Experience-Dependent Plasticity

With repetition of a task, the number of active regions in the brain is reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does experience-dependent plasticity require?
A. Synthesis of New Proteins
B. Growth of New Proteins
C. Modification of Existing Synapses
D. All of the Above

A

D. All of the Above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Recovery or Maladaption After Injury

Cellular Recovery after Injury

A

Recovery of synaptic effectiveness, denervation hypersensitivity, synaptic hypereffectiveness, and unmasking of silent synapses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True/False
Myelin does not undergo experience-dependent plasticity.

A

False
Myelin does undergo experience-dependent plasticity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a form of activity-dependent plasticity?
A. Long-Term Potentiation
B. Short-Term Potentiation
C. Long-Term Depression
D. Short-Term Depression

A

A. Long-Term Potentiation

Changes occur as memories are formed.
Manipulation of this process may be used to treat disorders of the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Excitotoxicity

A

Cell death caused by overexcitation of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What neurotransmitter is released in large quantities by oxygen deprived neurons?
A. Dopamine
B. ACh
C. GABA
D. Glutamate

A

D. Glutamate

A little glutamate is good. Too much is bad.

Excessive glutamate kills postsynaptic neurons that receive high concentrations of it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What leads to the release of glutamate?
A. Glycolosis
B. Ischemia
C. Protein Enzymes
D. All of the Above

A

B. Ischemia

Which leads to swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wallerian Degeneration

A

Once isolated from the cell body, the distal segment of the axon degenerates, the myelin sheath pulls away from that segment.
The axon swells and breaks into smaller segments, the terminals rapidly degenerate and their loss is followed by death of the distal segment.

17
Q

The growth of a new branch of an intact axon or regrowth of a damaged axon is called?
A. Sprouting
B. Spouting
C. Baby Branch
D. Baby Groot

A

A. Sprouting

18
Q

Severed nerves typically occur in the ____.
A. CNS
B. PNS
C. Neither

A

B. PNS

19
Q

What is the difference between collateral and regenerative sprouting?

A

Collateral sprouting occurs when denervated target is reinnervated by branches of intact axons of neighboring neurons.

Regenerative sprouting occurs when an axon and its target cell have been damaged. Injured axon sends outside sprouts.

20
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Process by which neurons are created by stem cells.

21
Q

Cortical Reorganization

A

Cortical areas routinely adjust to changes in sensory input and develop new functions dependent on motor input

22
Q

True/False
The neural tube is separated into ventral and dorsal sections.

A

True

23
Q

Neuron cell bodies in the motor plate become what type of neurons?
A. Sensory Neurons
B. Motor Neurons
C. Sensory-motor Neurons
D. None of the Above

A

B. Motor Neurons

The ventral section of the neural tube is the motor plate

24
Q

What is the myotome after the embryonic stage?
A. Group of Brain Cells
B. Group of Organs
C. Group of Muscles
D. Both B and C

A

C. Group of Muscles

After the embryonic stage, the myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve.

25
Q

The dorsal section of the neural tube is the ____ plate.
A. Association Plate
B. Motor Plate
C. Sensory Plate
D. None of the Above

A

A. Association Plate

In the spinal cord, these neurons form interneurons and projection neurons.

26
Q

The dorsal horn is…

A

Gray matter derived from the association plate in the mature spinal cord.

27
Q

What do the neural crest cells form?
A. Sensory Neurons, Myelin Cells, Endocrine Organs, Motor Neurons
B. Motor Neurons, Peripheral Sensory Neurons, Autonomic Neurons, Endocrine Organs
C. Sensory-Motor Neurons, Sensory Neurons, Peripheral Sensory Neurons
D. Peripheral Sensory Neurons, Autonomic Neurons, Endocrine Organs, and Myelin Cells

A

D. Peripheral Sensory Neurons, Autonomic Neurons, Endocrine Organs, and Myelin Cells

28
Q

The Neural Crest separates into _ columns.
A. Two Columns
B. Four Columns
C. Six Columns
D. None of the Above

A

A. Two Columns

Separates into two columns, one on each side of the neural tube.

29
Q

Describe the two meanings of Dermatomes.

PNS

A

The area of the somite that will become the dermis

After the embryonic stage, the dermis innervated by a single spinal nerve

30
Q

In brain formation, what does the medulla, pons, and cerebellum form from?
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. None of the Above

A

C. Hindbrain

31
Q

In brain formation, what does the diencephalon and telencephalon form from?
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
D. None of the Above

A

A. Forebrain

The posterior region of the forebrain becomes the diencephalon.
The anterior region of the forebrain becomes the telencephalon.

32
Q

What type of input is necessary to develop these areas of the brain: Visual Cortex, Auditory function, tactile information?
A. Sensory Input
B. Motor Input
C. Tactile Input
D. Auditory Input

A

A. Sensory Input

33
Q

True/False
In Cerebral Palsy (CP) there is damage to the descending fibers from the forebrain to the spinal cord.

A

False
In Cerebral Palsy (CP) there is damage to the descending fibers from the cerebrum to the spinal cord.

There is a persistence of inappropriate connections and abnormal development of spinal motor centers which results in abnormal motor control.

34
Q

What are three abnormal reflexes for infants and adults with cerebral lesions?

A
  1. The asymmetric tonic neck reflex
  2. The symmetric tonic neck reflex
  3. The tonic labyrinthine reflex

OTD 7210 Neuroscience (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions