Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTD 7210 Neuroscience > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

True/False
Basal Ganglia is important for movement.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia?
A. Glutamate and GABA
B. GABA and Dopamine
C. Dopamine and Glutamate
D. None of the Above

A

C. Dopamine and Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a non-motor cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic circuits?
A. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit
B. Social Behavior Circuit
C. Emotion Circuit
D. All of the Above

A

D. All of the Above

These circuits contribute to the prediction of future events, selecting desired behaviors, preventing undesired behaviors, shifting attention, and spatial working memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which circuit evaluates information for making perceptual decisions, planning, and choosing actions in context?
A. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit
B. Social Behavior Circuit
C. Emotion/Motivation Circuit
D. Motor Circuit

A

A. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit

  • Head of the caudate is part of the decision-making circuit that participates in goal-directed behavior
  • This circuit, including the head of the caudate, is not involved in controlling movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which circuit recognizes social cues, regulates self-control, and parses out relevant from irrelevant information?
A. Emotion/Motivation Circuit
B. Motor Circuit
C. Social Behavior Circuit
D. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit

A

C. Social Behavior Circuit

  • Head of the caudate is part of the circuit that recognizes social cues, regulates self-control, and parses out relevant from irrelevant information.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which circuit has the essential function of seeking rewards?
A. Oculomotor Circuit
B. Social Behavior Circuit
C. Motor Circuit
D. Emotion/Motivation Circuit

A

D. Emotion/Motivation

Also integrates emotions with roles of other circuits. Partially responsible for the perception and experiences of emotions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which circuit makes decisions about spatial attention and eye movements?
A. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit
B. Oculomotor Circuit
C. Emotion/Motivation Circuit
D. Motor Circuit

A

B. Oculomotor Circuit

Determines whether to use fast eye movements to direct attention toward an object

Saccade: Rapid movement of the eyes
Reflexive Prosaccades: move eyes toward an object
Antisaccades Move eyes away from object. Result from more complex interactions than the oculomotor circuit and require inhibition of prosaccade reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which circuit regulates muscle contraction, muscle force, multi-joint movements, and sequencing of movements?
A. Goal-Directed Behavior Circuit
B. Oculomotor Circuit
C. Emotion/Motivation Circuit
D. Motor Circuit

A

D. Motor Circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypokinetic

A

Too little movement; loss of normal function

Parkinson’s disease is primarily hypokinetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hyperkinetic

A

Excessive movement; gain of function not normally present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True/False
Parkinson’s Disease is the least common basal ganglia motor disorder.

A

False
Parkinson’s Disease is the most common basal ganglia motor disorder.

Interferes with both voluntary nd automatic movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two common subtypes of Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Postural Instability Gait Difficulty (PIGD)
Also known as akinetic/rigid type PD
Tremor-Dominant (TD)

Prevalence of each subtypes is akinetic (50%), TD (40%), and mixed (10%).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is postural instability gait difficulty characterized by?

Subtype of Parkinson’s Disease

A

Muscular rigidity
Drooping posture
Rhythmic muscular tremors
Mask-like facial expression

People with PIGD PD have difficulty coming to standing from sitting; gait is characterized by:
* flexed posture
* shuffling of feet
* decreased / absent arm swing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the distinctive signs of postural instability gait difficulty?

Subtype of Parkinson’s Disease

A
  • Akinesia/ hypokinesia / bradykinesia / Rigidity
  • Postural unsteadiness
  • Resting tremor
  • Freezing during movement
  • Visuoperceptual impairments
  • Mask-like facial expression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True/False
Postural instability gait difficulty has one hyperkinetic sign: resting tremor.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are non-motor impairments for postural instability gait difficulty?

Subtype of Parkinson’s Disease

A
  • Psychosis and autonomic dysfunction
  • Parkinson’s dementia: primarily affects ability to plan, maintain goal direction, and make decisions
17
Q

Describe Tremor-Dominant

Subtype of Parkinson’s Disease

A
  • People with TD PD experience both resting and action tremors
  • Rigidity and slowing of movement are relatively mild
  • Patients with TD PD experience a slower progression of signs and symptoms than those with PIGD PD

OTD 7210 Neuroscience (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions