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OTD 7210 Neuroscience > Week 13 > Flashcards

Week 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three types of memory.
A. Working, Declarative, Proper
B. Declarative, Current, Proper
C. Current, Proper, Past
D. Procedural, Working, Declarative

A

D. Procedural, Working, Declarative

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2
Q

__ memory is essential for language, problem-solving, mental navigation, and reasoning.
A. Working
B. Declarative
C. Procedural
D. All of the Above

A

A. Working

Complex mental multitasking requires working memory and is central to cognition.

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3
Q

__ memory has three stages; encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.
A. Procedural
B. Working
C. Declarative
D. None of the Above

A

C. Declarative

Declarative memory requires attention during recall.

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4
Q

What stage in declarative memory processes information into a memory representation?
A. Consolidation
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Both A and C

A

C. Encoding

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5
Q

What stage in declarative memory stabilizes memories and storage requires minutes to hours?
A. Consolidation
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Both A and C

A

A. Consolidation

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6
Q

What stage in declarative memory involves recall and retrieving memories?
A. Consolidation
B. Retrieval
C. Encoding
D. Both A and C

A

B. Retrieval

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7
Q

What is the difference between episodic vs sematic memory?

Declarative Memory

A

Episodic Memory: personal events, who, where, and why
Semantic Memory: common knowledge, fact based

Declarative Memory includes both episodic and semantic memory

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8
Q

True/False
Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory of events that occured after the trauma or disease.

A

False
Retrograde amnesia is a loss of memory of events that occured before the trauma or disease.

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9
Q

True/False
Anterograde amnesia is a loss of memory for events following the event that caused the amnesia.

A

True

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10
Q

__ memory includes perceptual and cognitive skill learning; perceptual skills include object, pattern, and face recognition.
A. Working
B. Declarative
C. Procedural
D. All of the Above

A

C. Procedural

Practice is required to store procedural memories.

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11
Q

True/False
Consciousness is a general level of arousal.

A

True

Attention
Selection of objects of attention based on goals
Motivation and initiation for motor activity and cognition
Reticular activating system

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12
Q

Name some causes of dementia

Diseases

A

Alzheimer’s Disease
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
Parkinson’s Dementia
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
Multiple Infarctions

Multiple infarctions in the cerebral hemispheres result in focal neurologic signs, in addition to deterioration in intellectual function.

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13
Q

Which disease causes progressive mental deterioration consisting of memory loss, confusion, and disorientation?
A. Lewy Body Disease
B. Alzheimer’s Disease
C. Parkinson’s Dementia
D. All of the Above

A

B. Alzheimer’s Disease

Become lost easily due to motion blindness.

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14
Q

The prefrontal and anterior temporal lobe is responsible for…

A

Goal Directed Behavior
Emotions
Decision Making
Social Behavior
Personality
Initiation

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15
Q

What is the executive function for the lateral prefrontal cortex?
A. Emotional Control
B. Goal Directed Behavior
C. Motivation
D. None of the above

A

B. Goal Directed Behavior

Deciding on a goal
Planning how to accomplish a goal
Executing a plan
Monitoring execuation of the plan

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16
Q

Despite the ability to perform normally on conventional intelligence tests, people with __ lesions function poorly in daily life because they lack goal direction and behavioral flexibility.
A. Prefrontal
B. Anterior
C. Basal Ganglia
D. None of the Above

A

A. Prefrontal
Despite the ability to perform normally on conventional intelligence tests, people with prefrontal lesions function poorly in daily life because they lack goal direction and behavioral flexibility.

17
Q

List what the medial prefrontal cortex is responsible for.

A

Emotions
Self Awareness
Motivation
Identification and Perception of Emotions

18
Q

What happens if there is a lesion in the medial prefrontal cortex?
A. Apathy
B. Impaired Insight
C. Poor Initiation
D. All of the Above

A

D. All of the Above

Abnormal processing in the medial prefrontal cortico-basal ganglia- thalamic circuit impairs understanding of other’s emotions, beliefs and intensions. Paranoia and delusions. Schizophrenia: less active

19
Q

True/False
The emotion loop is the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic loop that links emotion, cognitive, and motor systems.

A

True

Involved in reward-seeking behavior; concerned with finding pleasure

20
Q

True/False
Dopamine is required for motivation.

A

True

All natural stimuli that reinforce behavior and all drugs of abuse increase dopamine in the ventral striatum, thus dopamine is required for motivation.

Ventral striatum activity is essential for increasing frequency of rewarded behaviors.

21
Q

What types of feelings does the amygdala generate?
A. Love and Trust
B. Hate and Distrust
C. Bravery and Attraction
D. Fear and Disgust

A

D. Fear and Disgust
The amydgala generates feelings of fear and disgust.

22
Q

What part of the brain is essential for social behavior and is immportant for emotional learning?
A. Cerebellum
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Amygdala
D. Occipital Lobe

A

C. Amygdala

23
Q

Name some ventral striatum disorders

A

Apathy
Loss of initiative
Loss of spontaneous thought
Loss of emotional response

Exessive activity: obsessive-compulsiveness

24
Q

Wernicke’s area is responsible for…
A. Language
B. Language Comprehension
C. Spoken Language
D. None of the above

A

B. Language Comprehension

Important for understanding language spoken, written, and signed

25
Q

Broca’s area is responsible for instructions for language __.
A. Input
B. Output

A

B. Output

26
Q

Aphasia

Language Disorder

A

Impairment of spoken language

27
Q

Alexia

Language Disorder

A

Incomprehension of written language

28
Q

Agraphia

Language Disorder

A

Inability to write

29
Q

True/False
People with Wernicke’s aphasia easily produce spoken sounds, but the output is meaningless.

A

True

“word salad”
Impaired language comprehension
Alexia (inability to write meaningful words)

30
Q

True/False
People with Broca’s Aphasia may not produce any language output, or they may be able to generate habitual phrases.

A

True

OTD 7210 Neuroscience (13 decks)

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