WEEK 11: 11.8 Controlling Infections

Question 1

What are the 3 factors of controlling viral infections

Answer 1

Interfering with transmission
Establishing protective immunity
Establishing effective treatment protocol

Question 2

What are the principles of precenting disease outbreak? Describe these principles

Answer 2

• Hand hygiene; disinfection; sterilisation (promote a clean environment to reduce transmission)
• Disposal of waste (clean environment)
• Surveillance; contact tracing (monitor individuals and viruses so spread can be limited)
• Public health messaging (keep public informed on current ‘best’ protocol/measures)

Question 3

Describe how one can interfere with transmission

Answer 3

develop programs for public health education/prevention; barriers; isolation, clean water/needle access

Question 4

Describe how protective immunity is established

Answer 4

The development of vaccine programs

Question 5

Describe how effective treatment protocols are established

Answer 5

using antiviral drugs to inhibit virus replication; using antibodies

Question 6

What are different forms of surveillance?

Answer 6

human surveillance- national notifiable diseases via communicable diseases network
mosquito surveillance- relative abundance of mosquito species
virus surveillance- in mosquitos, sentinel chickens, pigs
media releases, alerts, warnings

Question 7

What are some vector control strategies?

Answer 7

mosquito nets
fumigation (pesticides)
prevention of breeding sites
novel strategies like sterilisation of mosquito population

Question 8

What are the 2 things vaccination protects, and how

Answer 8

Protects the individual by inducing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity
protect the community by inducing herd immunity, eliminating the infecting organism

Question 9

What are qualities of the ideal vaccine?

Answer 9

protective against illness
stimulate both humoral and cell mediated immunity
Doesn’t result in side effects
Maintains immunogenicity despite storage (is stable)
Easily administered
Single/few doses to work
Cheap/affordable

Question 10

What are 5 different types of virus vaccines

Answer 10

1. live attenuated virus
2. inactivated virus vaccines
3. recombinant subunit vaccines
4. DNA/RNA vaccines
5. Live attenuated recombinant virus vaccines