Week 11 Flashcards

Question

what country is hosting syrian refugees the most

Answer 1

1. iran - 3 milion 2. turkey 3. germany 4. pakistan 5. uganda 6. russia

Answer 2

1. syria 2. afganistan 3. somalia 4. south sudan 4. sudan

Answer 3

poorer countries host most of the forcibly displaced They do not have great infrastructures Overall creates challenge for everyone who is there

Answer 4

ultimately, it is an international responsibility for all refugees, not just that country where they end up going – because they are poorer countries, and they do not have the finances or infrastructure Canada can support X # of refugees, however, in other countries next to Syria they took as many as they can Power within the countries and how one country decides X number and poor countries do not have the ability, do to geography, international responsibility for economics, food,

Answer 5

Environments – see how there are healthcare issues, and overall health is impacted, infectious diseases moves through populations like this – lack of sanitation, hygiene, water supply How safe are you with a curtain, children without adults, vulnerable people, safety huge issue in large tenting communities

Answer 6

1854, under the authorization of the Secretary of War, Florence Nightingale brought team of 38 volunteer nurses to care for the British soldiers fighting in the Crimean War. Improved the health of the soldiers by instituting nutrition and hygiene reform, dressing wounds and administering medication Kept scrupulous records and one of first hospital administrators to use statistics for analysis of morbidity and mortality

Answer 7

Modern nurses in conflict zones face similar elements; crowded and unsanitary conditions, political conflict, limited resources, malnutrition, epidemics The environment is by far the largest factor in influencing health in conflict areas

Answer 8

Migration of large numbers of people = Large number of people living in crowded conditions Large numbers (sometimes suddenly) need care from health systems that were weak before and that may now be almost nonexistent after suffering the effects of civil conflict -May lack appropriate hygiene & sanitation - Intentionally destroyed health facilities - Diseases can spread faster than they would normally

Answer 9

Diarrheal disease most common cause of death Ex: tens of thousands of Rwandan refugees poured into DRC during the Rwandan genocide. Between July-August 90% of deaths among the refugees in Goma were from cholera spread contamination of a lake from which the refugees got their water

Answer 10

Measles - Very contagious, moves through population quite quickly Diarrheas disease Acute respiratory infections Malaria Malnutrition

Answer 11

Cholera outbreak, the spread was due to contamination in a lake, and 90% of deaths between July and august was due to cholera from poor hygiene and sanitation Needs supplies, systems in place to prevent death Deaths not just from conflict but from the high densities of people not able to fight off, and have poor health states and poor nutrition's

Answer 12

- Major killer in camps for displaced persons - Especially significant in populations that are malnourished and have not yet been immunized against measles - Risk of a child dying of measles is increased substantially if the child is vitamin A deficient - Up to 30% of children who get measles in this situations may die from it

Answer 13

vaccinations - vitamin A and zinc are also essential

Answer 14

Malaria: significant contributor to death in refugee camps - Especially the case when refugees move from countries in which there is relatively little malaria to places in which it is endemic Acute respiratory infections: expected because the camps are crowded, housing is inadequate Outbreaks of meningitis (can be contained by mass immunization) Acute protein energy malnutrition (problems of food scarcity) & Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 15

Security conditions during CHEs put women at considerable risk of sexual violence Rape may be used as a ‘weapon of war’ Chaos and economic distress place women at risk of sexual violence and sometimes force them to ‘trade’ sex for food or money (ex: survival sex)

Answer 16

Another aspect to consider 375 million children who live in war and conflict zones Many used as child soldiers – 10s of thousands International war crime to use children as soldiers but still happening – in Columbia, Yemen's, Syria, south Sudan – lots of child soldiers Program by UNICEF to remove children from those experiences and re intergraded into society – provide them with shelters, food and connections Shift that use and how they are being use – to one of being important as a human being – gibing education, job Mental emotional distress, trauma – when child exposed to that aspect

Answer 17

Associated with range of social and psychological shocks to affected people due to: -Changes in their way of living, loss of livelihood -Damaged social networks - Physical and mental harm to them, their families and friends Children: post-traumatic stress and depression Most important issue: to help people as rapidly as possible to rebuild their lives and their social networks

Answer 18

1. Safe and Healthy Environment 2. Food 3. Disease Control 4. Assessment and Surveillance

Answer 19

Assessment and surveillance is constantly trying to determine what the environment is like and trying to figure out, mortality rates, why and how, how can we intervene, vaccine program, always checking in and seeing what as well is happening with children in those areas in terms for growth and development in those areas and how they can be supported

Answer 20

-Hygiene: Recommended that -15L of water/person/day - 2.5-3L for drinking/food - 2-6 L for personal hygiene - Remainder for cooking People should not have to walk more than 500m to a water source People should not have to wait more than 15 mins to get their water when they get to a source Educate/reinforce community of importance of good hygiene

Answer 21

- Ideal: every family has own toilet, segregated by sex to provide safety to women - Recommended: one toilet for every 20 people - Should be carefully situated to avoid contamination of water sources

Answer 22

3.5 square meters of covered area per person, with due attention paid in the construction of the shelter to the safety of women Whenever possible, local and culturally appropriate building materials should be used

Answer 23

- Each adult in camp should get at least 2100 kilocalories of energy from food/day - Special care to ensure that female headed households and children without their families get their rations - Vitamin A to all children under 5 - Most severely malnourished children may also need urgent nutrition supplementation

Answer 24

Vaccinate all children (6 months to 15 years)

Answer 25

Carry out assessment of the displaced population Establish system for disease surveillance - Daily crude mortality rate = indicator of health of the affected group: goal to keep rate below 1 death per 10,000 persons in the population/day - Where the daily rate is twice the normal rate, it signifies that a public health emergency is occurring

Answer 26

Coordination of International Emergency Responses Office of Humanitarian Affairs – a UN body responsible for strengthening the coordination of UN responses to humanitarian emergencies

Answer 27

NGOs have also created common standards and guiding principles for humanitarian action Sphere Project An NGO is a Non-Governmental Organization - it is a type of organization that is independent of government control and is typically driven by a specific social, political, or environmental mission.

Answer 28

Coordination Humanitarian Assistance Protection Peacekeeping Operations Advocacy and Diplomacy Capacity Building Information and Early Warning Post-Emergency Recovery

Answer 29

- Difficult to take measures that can prevent CHEs from occurring and harming human health because these emergencies so often relate to civil conflict - Keys to avoidance of problems lies in political realm and avoidance of conflict , rather than by taking measures that are directly health related ‘ - Primary prevention’ means stopping the violence

Answer 30

Increase risk of disease Disrupted health services High mortality rates: CHEs have direct and indirect impacts on health Health during CHEs need to be assessed quickly and continuously Early attention to environment, shelter, water, and food when dealing with displaced peoples Particular attention must be paid to malnutrition, pneumonia, and malaria There are still gaps in preparation and training in response agencies There has been inadequate attention to cost-effectiveness of interventions and information about the lessons of CHE and natural disaster response

Week 11 Flashcards

(54 cards)