Week 6 Flashcards
(30 cards)
The Importance of Nutrition
Nutritional status has a profound relationship with health status
Childhood underweight is the leading risk factor for death of under-5 children globally
Forty-five percent of all deaths in children under 5 are attributable to nutrition-related causes
Low-cost, highly effective interventions are available to improve nutrition status
problems with malnutrition
Malnutrition weakens immune systems, increasing susceptibility to disease and poor developmental outcomes.
The nutritional picture of the world has changed dramatically in the last few decades
Nearly 31% of the world’s population is overweight or obese; most of these people are in low- and middle-income countries
Overweight and obesity are closely linked with many noncommunicable diseases, and prevention is complex
Nutrition is central to achievement of the SDGs
interventions to improve nutritional problems that lead to childhood malnutrition
Simple interventions like breastfeeding, micronutrient supplementation, and food fortificationcan significantly reduce child mortality.
Nutrition is crucial to achieving theSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- directly impacts health, well-being, economic development, and environmental sustainability
which SDG goals does nutrition impact
Look at 1,2,3,4,5,6
10,12,13, 17
- no poverty
- zero hunger
- good health
- quality education
- gender equality
- clean water and sanitation
- reduced inequities
- responsible consumption and production
- climate action
- partnerships for the goals
Nutrition is important for sustaining life and important for sustainable development
Causes of Hunger
Poverty: People in poverty can’t afford nutritious food,making them less able to work for money to buy nutritiousfood, and the cyclecontinues.
Unstable markets:When food prices rise, consumers oftenhave toshift to lower-priced, less nutritiousoptions.
Lack of Investment bylow & middle incomecountries inagricultural infrastructure such as roads, warehouses,irrigation—plus investments in improving landmanagement.
Climate & weather:Drought is one of most common causesof foodshortages
War & displacement:Sometimes food becomes a weapon.During conflict, soldiers will often starve their opponents bydestroying livestock and damaging water sources.
Mass famines are political
example ethiopia
Ethiopia, 1984
Killed at least 600,000 people
Government blocked trade, bombedmarkets and withheld emergencysupplies in rebel controlledareas.
Food aid was being redirected fromcivilians to soldiers and governmentmilitias.
Chefs with Compassion
Another mode of trying to provide food
Diverting that waste that happens before going to landfill
Chefs of compassion – started during covid
Increase in food wastage during that time – started by a chef in south Africa – divert tons of foods and cooked meals and disperse out to population and been successful
Employing people to gather and cook food and disperse – there is an emergency or urgent piece and sustainable piece because it is making a job
Huge partner collaboration – truck drivers, supermarket, areas to cook
Not for profit organization
The cost of not breast feeding
globally inadequate breastfeeding leads to preventable deaths, obesity, and cognitive losses, which further cause enormous economic losses. these losses are know as the cost of not breastfeeding.
the global cost of not breastfeeding are around US$341 billion annually
595,379 childhood deaths (6 to 59 months) from diarrhea and pneumonia each year can be attrivuted to not breastfeeding
974,956 cases of childhood obesity can be attributed to not breastfeeding each year
for women, breastfeeding is estimated to have potential to prevent 98,243 deaths from breast and ovarian cancers as well as type 2 diabetes each year
those who breastfed for at least one year, were associated with a 32% reduction in risk with BRXA
breastfeeding rates in BC and why do they become low
By 6 months of age the stat drops to 20% of exclusive breast feeding, due to culture and lack of access this is in BC
Restaurants asked to leave, women feeding in bathrooms sitting on toilets
95% percent at first 6 months in BC
Sexualization of breast in our culture are attributed to that drastic reduction in breast feeding that happens
No grandmas and aunties to help with breast feeding in this culture, north America
why is breast milk so good for babies
Breastmilk is the optimal milk for humans
Has antibodies and all nutrients’ babies needs
Breastmilk can change between baby and the time of day and what the baby needs
When breastfeeding is not happening like in low-income countries and formula is being used than water is not clean, or access is lower so then doing half a scoop instead of full scoop which can lead to micronutrient deficiencies
global hunger index yemen
score 39.9 - alarming level of hunger
UN predicts famine not seen in 40 years due to Pompeo’s Yemen Policy
Mike pompeo’s designation of Houthis as foreign terror group will block food and other aid, senior humanitarian says
how are global hunger index scores calculated
- 1/3 under-nourishment
- 1/3 child mortality
- 1/6 child wasting
- 1/6 child stunting
about the global hunger index scores
the global hunger index is a tool for comprehensively measuring and tracking hunger at global, regional, and national levels. GHI scores are based on the values of four component indicators:
- undernourishment
- child stunting
- child wasting
- child mortality
undernourishment
the share of the population with insufficient caloric intake
child stunting
the share of children under age 5 who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition
child wasting
the share of children under age 5 who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute nutrition
child mortality
the share of children who die before their fifth birthday party reflecting the fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environment
results of undernutrition
Results of undernutrition:
- Underweight (lowweight-for-age)
- Wasting (low weight-for-height = “dangerouslythin”)
- Stunting (low height-for-age = “too short”)
- Micronutrientdeficiencies
to prevent undernutrition
- improve water, supply, sanitation and hygiene
- ensure nutritious food security for poor households, in quantity and quality
- provide adequate nutrition for mothers and children
- promote early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding through 6 months of age
underweight
Underweightis measured bycomparing theweight-for-ageof achild with a reference population ofwell-nourished and healthychildren.
An estimated 149 million children under 5 inlow and middle-income countries areunderweight
wasting
Low weight-for-height= “dangerously thin”
Indicator ofsevere acute malnutrition (SAM)that reflects a recent and severe process thathas led to substantial weightloss.
Globally, 45 million people were wasted in 2022(WHO).
stunting
Low height-for-age= “too short”
An important indicator ofchronic malnutritionthat reflects the long-term nutritional situationof apopulation.
Globally, 149 million children under five yearsold were stunted in 2022 (WHO)
Overweight & obesity
Overweight: BMIbetween 25 and 30kg/m3
Obesity: BMI is greateror equal 30 kg/m3
Overweight and obesity are caused by an increasedintake of energy-dense food,lack of physical activity, and sedentary lifestyle(WHO)
Prevalence of overweight and obesity isincreasing in children younger than five yearsglobally and is an important contributor todiabetes and other chronic diseases in adulthood (WHO)
where is obesity the most prevalent?
americas than europe
