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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > week 3- Thoracic And Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

week 3- Thoracic And Lumbar Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the cervical

A

7

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2
Q

How many bones are in the thoracic

A

12

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3
Q

How many bones are in the lumbar

A

5

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4
Q

How many bones are in the sacral

A

5

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5
Q

How many bones are in the coccygeal

A

4

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6
Q

Give features of bones in the thoracic

A

—heart shaped bodies with DEMIFACETZ for articulation with head of corresponding rib and rib below
-short Pericles
-small, circular vertebral canal
-long, downward pointing spinous process
-transvers processes with facet for articulation with tubercle of corresponding rib
-superior and inferior articulate processes

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7
Q

Give features of the lumbar

A

-large kidney shaped body
-short strong Pericles
-quadranglular spinous process
-triangular vertebral canal
-thin, short transverse process
-articulate processes, superior facing.Medially inferior facing laterally

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8
Q

In the spine, which vertebrae are fused

A

5 fused sacral vertebrae
3-4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

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9
Q

Where is the posterior longtidtudanal ligament found

A

Posterior (back), in between vertebral body and the vertebral arch

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10
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament found

A

Anterior, along the vertebral body

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11
Q

Where is the ligamenta flava found

A

Between the laminate of adjacent vertebrae

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12
Q

What connects and passes along the tops of the vertebral spinous processes from vertabra C7 to the sacrum

A

Supraspinous ligaments

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13
Q

What is the supraspinous ligaments

A

What connects and passes along the tops of the vertebral spinous processes from vertabra C7 to the sacrum

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14
Q

Where is the interspunious ligament found

A

Between adjacent vertebral spinous processes

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15
Q

What is the interspuniys ligaments

A

Ligaments from the base of the apex of each spinous process and blend with the supra spinous ligament posteriorly and the ligamenta flava anteriorly on each side

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16
Q

Where are intertransverse ligaments found

A

Posteriorly on the transverse processes

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17
Q

Name some superficial muscles of the back

A

Trapezius, latissimus Dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor

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18
Q

Name some intermediate muscles of the back

A

Serratus posterior

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19
Q

Give a way to remember how many bones are in the upper spine

A

Breakfast at 7
Lunch at 12
Dinner at 5

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20
Q

Which muscles flex the trunk

A

-recuts abdominis = upper ab muscle
-external oblique= lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen
-internal oblique = underneath external oblique
-psoas major = originates L1-L4 inserts lesser trochanter of femur
-psoas minor = L1 T12 inserts next to pubic bone

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21
Q

Which muscles extend the trunk

A

Quadratics lumborum = originates iliac crest and inserts transfers process L1-5
-erector spinae (illocastalis, longissimus, spinalis) ( I LIKE STANDING ) lower thoracic and lumbar to upper thoracic and cervical

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22
Q

Which muscles roatate the trunk

A

-internal oblique = underneath external oblique
-external oblique= lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen
Multifidus- next to whole length of vertrabl column
Rotatores -
Senispinalis

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23
Q

Name the transversospinales muscles

A

Multifidus
Rotatores
Semispinallis

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24
Q

Which muscles laterally flex the trunk

A

Quadratus lumborum
External oblique
Internal oblique
Recuts abdominis
Erector spinae
Multifidus

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25
Q

Which muscles raise the infra abdominal pressure

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Text us abdominis
Transversus abdominis

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26
Q

Name the fascial sheaths

A

Thoraxolumbar fascia
Rectus sheath

27
Q

Which part are considered the trunk

A

Lumbar and thoracic

28
Q

How do vertebrae articulate with each other

A

Secondary cartiliaginous bodies and synovial facet joints

29
Q

Which vertebrae are specialised to allow specific movements between the neck and the skull

A

C1 C2

30
Q

What does the superior articulating facet articulate with

A

Inferior articulating facet

31
Q

What is the orientation of the facets in the cervical region

A

Backwards, upwards, medial (BUM)

32
Q

Which way are the facets oriented in the thoracic

A

backwards, upwards , laterally
BUL

33
Q

Which way are the lumbar facets orientated

A

Backwards, medial
BM

34
Q

What do the ligaments help to allow

A

Spinal stability

35
Q

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament resist

A

External rotation, tilting backwards

36
Q

Where does the ligament in flavum run

A

Between adjacent vertebrae . 2 on either side of the same vertebrae , they meet in the middle

37
Q

Which ligament runs through adjacent spinous processes

A

Interspinous ligaments

38
Q

What ligament runs across the spinous process

A

Supraspinous processes

39
Q

Where does the Supraspinous ligament run to

A

From sacrum to C7

40
Q

From C7 to the head, which ligament runs over the tips of the spinous processes

A

The nuchal ligament

41
Q

Give the 3 functions of the trapezius

A

Elevate the scapula
Extend the neck
Retract the scapula

42
Q

Name the functions of the teres major

A

Extend the whole arm at the shoulder
Addiction at the shoulder joint
Medially roatate the shoulder

43
Q

Name the functions of the latisimus dorsi

A

Extend shoulder
Addict shoulder joint
Medaial rotation shoulder joint

44
Q

Name the functions of the infraspinatus

A

Laterally/externally rotate the shoulder joint

45
Q

What is the antagonist muscles to the infraspinatus and the Teris minor, and why

A

They like to externally rotate.
Antagonists are teris major and latissimus dorsi whoch Medially rotate

46
Q

What muscles are in the rotator cuff? (SITS)

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teris minor, subscapularis

47
Q

What is the function of the rhomboids major and rhomboids minor

A

Retract scapula, pull it back

48
Q

Name all the curves in the back

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Saccrococcygeal

49
Q

What do the vertebral Column curves help with

A

Strength, flexibility, ability to absorb shock

50
Q

What does the gel like nature of the nucleus pulposis allow

A

Allow invertavral disc to change shape as the vertabra rocks side to side or forward and backwards

51
Q

How many groups are in the erector spinae

A

3

52
Q

Name the 3 groups in the erector spinae

A

Spinalis (midline)
Longissimus (next to spinalis and illocostalis)
Illocistalis (most lateral)

53
Q

Name the function of erector spinae

A

Extend vertabra column
Antagonists to abdominal wall muscles

54
Q

What is the erector spinae muscle groups synergistic to and how

A

Trapezius
They both extend the neck

55
Q

Make the function of the quadratus lumborum and where it is found

A

Fixates the neck, extend the lower back
Found laterally on the back. Superior to the hip

56
Q

Where is the facet joint located

A

between superior and inferior articulating processes

57
Q

Multifidus origin and insertion

A

O: articular processes C4-C7
Transverse processes of thoracic
Mammillary process of lumbar
PSIS
Posterior aspect of sacrum

I: tips of spinous process 2-5 levels above origin

58
Q

Origin and insertion of rotatores

A

O: breves. Transverse process T2-T12
Longi. Transverse process thoracic vertabrae

I: breves.laminae/spinous process of vertebra 1 level above origin
Longus laminae/spinous process of vertebra 2 level above origin

59
Q

Semispinalis origin and insertion

A

O: transverse process of vertabrae T1-T6
I: posterior surfaces of spinous process C2-C5

60
Q

Quadratics lumborum origin and insertion

A

O: iliac crest
Iloilolumbar lig
I: inferior border of rib 12, transverse processL1-L4

61
Q

Name the erector spinae

A

I LIKE STANDING
Iliocostalis
Longisimus
Spinalis

62
Q

infraspinatous origin and insertion

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion Greater tubercle of humerus

63
Q
A

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (15 decks)

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