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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > Week 2- Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Week 2- Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 2 components making up the skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

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2
Q

Name bones in the axial skeleton

A

-skull
-laryngeal skeleton
-thoracic skeleton
-vertebral column

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3
Q

Name the bones in the appendicular skeleton

A

-shoulder girdle
-upper limbs
-pelvic girdle
-Lower likbs

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4
Q

List the different regions of the vertebral column from top to bottom

A

-cervical vertebra (7)
-thoracic vertebra (12)
—lumbar vertebra (5)
-sacral vertebrae (5)
-coccygeal vertebrae (4)

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5
Q

Name the 8 cranial bones

A

Frontal, parietal (paired) temporal (paired) occipital , sphenoid, ethmoid

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6
Q

Where is the frontal bone located

A

Top anterior of the skull

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7
Q

Where is the parietal bone located

A

At the top, covering the centre region and the back

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8
Q

Where is the temporal bone located

A

inferior posterior of skull

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9
Q

Where is the occipital bone located

A

above temporal and below parietal
posterior skull

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10
Q

Where is the ethmoid located

A

upper nasal cavity and the nasal septum.

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11
Q

Where is the sphenoid located

A

posterior to the frontal bone but anterior to the occipital
anterior to temporal

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12
Q

what are the functions of the vertebral column

A

-central pillar
-muscular attachments and anchorage of powerful muscles
-protects the spinal chord
-acts as a shock absorber via IV discs and curvatures
-flexibility- concentrate and transmit force

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13
Q

what are the movements of the vertebral column?

A

-flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation
-the flexion, extension and lateral flexion are extensive in cervical and lumbar spine

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14
Q

What connects the Atlantic occipital joint?

A

Ligaments- anterior and posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

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15
Q

What movement does the Atlantic- occipital joint provide?

A
  • flexion, extension, lateral flexion are possible.
    -No rotation is possible
    -Between C1 and base of skull
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16
Q

What movement does the Atlantic- occipital joint provide?

A
  • flexion, extension, lateral flexion are possible. No rotation is possible
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17
Q

What movement does the Atlanta-axial joint provide?

A

Rotational movement
Between c1 and c2

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18
Q

What connects Atlanton- axial joints

A
  • ligaments
    transverse ligament
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19
Q

Name the plane synovial joints between vertebral bodies

A

-zygapophseal joints (facet)
-uncovertebral joints

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20
Q

What does rheumatoid arthritis affect mainly?

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

Which muscles laterally flex the neck?

A
  • scalene group of muscles
    -trapezius
    -sternacloidomastoid
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22
Q

What is the central part of the invertebratal disc called?

A

Nucleuspulposis

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23
Q

Name a primary curvature with anterior con cavity

A

Thoracic

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24
Q

Name the one feature that is specifically seen in cervical vertebra

A

Transverseforamen

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25
What is the pathological lateral deviation of the spine
Scoliosis
26
What muscle when acting bilaterally flexes the neck and when acting alone it rotates the head to the opposite side
Sternocleidomastoid
27
Which region in the vertebral column has 7 vertebrae
Cervical
28
What joint is synovial joint between superior articulate process of one vertebra and the inferior articulate process of the vertebrae directly above it
Facet
29
What is the boney bit that projects from the vertebral body posterior ly called?
Pedicle
30
what are the 2 sections of the vertebrae called
-vertabral arch (boney bit) vertabral body (curved inside)
31
what is the transverse process
the boney parts that stick out laterally
32
what is the spinous process
he boney parts that stick out forwards
33
what is the bone that connects the transverse process and the spinous process
inferior articular process
34
what is the lamina
the part of the bone which is before the point of the spinous process
35
what is the pedicles
the part of the bone which is before the point of the transverse process
36
what is the superior articular process
the pointy part that is more medial to the transverse process and inferior to the spinous process
37
what is the invertabral disc
the disc between vertebrae
38
where is the nucleus pulpous found
in the centre of the invertabral disc
39
where is the annulus fibrosis found
surrounding the nucleus pulpous.
40
what joint is found in the thoracic
zygapophysical joint
41
what is the muscle at the side of the neck called
scalene muscles
42
what muscle is found surrounding windpipe
longus colli
43
what is the muscle called in the neck that runs from the back of the ears towards the midline inferiorly.
sternocleidomastoid
44
what is the muscle called at the posterior of the neck, running down from the back of the head
splenius crevices
45
where is the levator scapulae found
muscle before the shoulders
46
where is the longs Colli found?
muscle surrounding the windpipe.
47
why are movements of the thoracic spine restricted
-movements of thoracic spine are restricted because of ribs and their articulations with sternum -rotation is severely resticted in lumbar spine
48
what is the neurocranium
the protective vault surrounding the brain and brain stem
49
what is the viscerocranium
the skeleton that supports the facial structure
50
name the major compartments of the neck
-vertabral compartment (cervical vertebra and postural muscles) -visceral compartment (important glands like thyroid, thymus, parathyroid) and parts of RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE TRACTS - LARYNX PAHRYNX -vascular compartment )2, one one each side. major blood vessels, vagus nerve)
51
is the larynx of pharynx superior
pharynx l for low
52
name the triangles of the neck
-anterior triangle -posterior triangle
53
what borders the anterior triangle
-laerally sternocleidomastoid muscle -bordered medially by median line of the neck -bordered superiorly by the body of the mandible
54
what is the point of division between posterior and anterior triangle
sternocleidomastoid muscles
55
how can you located the sternocleidomastoid
the muscle that sticks out when you rotate your head
56
what does the apex of the anterior triangle point to
manubrium of the sternum
57
what is the anterior triangle further divided into
-submandibular triangle -submental triangle -carotid triangle - muscular triangle
58
what borders the submandibular triangle
superior mandible -anterior belly of digastric muscle -posterior belly of digastric muscle
59
what borders the posterior triangle
anterior sternocleidomastoid posteriorly anterior border of trapezius inferiorly clavicle
60
where is the carotid artery located
each side of the neck, vertebrae and ligament.
61
name the major glands of the face and neck
-major salivary glands -minor salivary glands
62
name the major salivary glands
parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands,
63
List the facial bones
Nasal (2) Lacrimal (2) Palatine (2) Zygomatic (2) Vomer (1) Mandible (1) Maxilla (2) Inferior nasal concha (2)
64
How many facial bones is there
14
65
Where is the zygomatic
Cheek bone
66
where is the maxilla
inferior to zygomatic and more medial Superior to the mandible The bone covering face below cheeks, stops at nose
67
Where is the inferior nasal concha
The most lateral bone in the nose concavity
68
Where is the lacrimal
Eye duct More lateral to the nose
69
where is the vomer
Most medial bone in the nose concavity Nose bridge 1 bone
70
where is the palatine
Joins to vomer and maxilla Quite superior in nasal cavity
71
Where is the nasal
most superior bones of the nose
72
Name general functions of the skull
- forms and houses structures like cranial - certain bones contain paranasal sinuses - middle ear cavities in temporal bones house heading and equilibrium structures -protect brain -stabilise position of blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves -attachment for muscles - support for entrances to digestive and respiratory systems - protect and support organis in vision, taste, smell, hearing and equillibrium
73
Who has physiological con cavities
Pregnant women (lordosis) Old people (kyphosis)
74
Origin of selenium cervicis
T3-t6
75
insertion of selenium crevices
C1-C3
76
Action of selenium crevices
unilateral contraction Lateral flexion and rotation of neck Bilateral contraction. Extension of neck
77
Which nerve motors facial muscles
The facial nerve ( from the 12 cranial nerve )

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (16 decks)

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