ishy exam

Question 1

what does FAST stand for

Answer 1

face, arms, speech, time

Question 2

what type of headache is this. recurrent headache lasting 4-72hrs, unilateral, moderate intensity associated with nausea

Answer 2

migraine

Question 3

what nerve is progressive weakness if intrinsic hand muscles, hyperextension of the fourth and fifth metacarpophalngeal joint and flexion of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints is a common presentation

Answer 3

ulnar nerve

Question 4

define tarsal tunnel

Answer 4

mononeuropathy of the tibial nerve and can cause burning px and numbness on the sole of the affected foot

Question 5

which nerve primary serves the motor nerve for the scm and traps

Answer 5

spinal accessory nerve
facial n11

Question 6

describe bells palsy, include cranial nerve

Answer 6

it affects cranial nerve 7, facial nerve.
it is the dropping or lack of ability to contract facial muscles. can cause mouth and eyelid droop

Question 7

give 3 examples of length dependant acquired polyneuropathy

Answer 7

GBS
Charcot
diabetic poly

Question 8

give 1 examples NOT of length dependant acquired polyneuropathy

Answer 8

b12 deficiency polynerupayhy

Question 9

which is a myelopathy

spinal cord infacrtion
huntingtons disease
Lacunar infacrt
myathesia gravis

Answer 9

spinal cord infarction

Question 10

give 2 causes of lateral foramina stenosis

Answer 10

space occupying lesion like a tumour
herniation of the disc

Question 11

regarding MS, what is meant by clinically isolate syndrome

Answer 11

first episode of neurological symptom that last at least 24 hours. caused by inflammation or demyelination in the CNS.
specifically in brain, optic nerves, spinal cord

conveys pt have high risk of MS
therapies can delay or reduce likelihood

Question 12

define Transient schema attack

Answer 12

tried episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary lack of blood flow to part of the brain, spinal cord or resin. without causing permannwr damage

weakness, numbness on one side
trouble speaking or undertsnsin
vision isses
dizziness or loss of balance

it is a warning sign for a stroke

blood clots
cv condtions
atheroslecoris

risk factor
high bp
high cholesterol
diabetes
obesity
smoking
sedentary
alcholo
family history

Question 13

describe a common defining symptom associated with central cord syndrome

Answer 13

greater weakness in the arms than in the legs
motor neurons

it affects central part of spinal cord, often cx

Question 14

name three symptoms of triad of meningitis

Answer 14

altered mental state
fever
stiff neck

Question 15

describe the features if a concussive head injury. describe a mechanism of hungry and 3 possible presenting s&s

Answer 15

head takes impact causing brain to encounter trauma
causes can be rugby players having high impact tackle
headache, ringing in ears, confusion, loss of consciousness, memory loss, nausea and vomiting

Question 16

name cranial nerve 7. how would u practice

Answer 16

facial nerve
ask pt to compy facial expressions , moving all areas of face to test each branch

raise eyebrows, puff cheeks, frown, smile

Question 17

2 causes of brachial plexopathy

Answer 17

trauma
radiation therapy causing delayed nerve damage

Question 18

name 2 nerves from cn 8

Answer 18

vestibular
cochlear

Question 19

name an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
descrive clinical feature

Answer 19

GBS
symmetrical ascending muscle wekaness
hyporeflexia
paraesthesia
autonomic dysfunction

Question 20

what is spinal cord infarction

Answer 20

interruption of blood flow to the spinal cord resulting in schema

stroke

mc anterior spinal artery

sudden onset of syptoms
px
weakness
sensory deficit: spinothalamic, spare dorsal cpolimns as they are post column
b &b
hypotension

Question 21

what is posterior spinal cord infarction

Answer 21

ischemic dmage to dorsal columns due to impaired blood flow post

sensory defiicits like loss of fine touch, vibration proprioception

preserved motor function
positive romber
px

Question 22

what are neuromuscular hyperactivity disorders

Answer 22

increased involuntary muscle contractions or excitability

muscle stiffness, cramps, fascultations, spasms, hyperreflexia

often triggered or worsened by movement or stimulation

autoimmune
inherited
infection (tetanus)
endocrine

Question 23

plexopathy vs radiculopathy

Answer 23

plex îs injury or dysfunction of nerve plexus
radiculopathy is injury or compression of a single spinous nerve ROOT

plex:trauma, tumoirs, diabetes, radiation

rad: disc hern, spondylosis, foramina stenosis

plex:Patchy or overlapping sensory loss

rad: follows the dermatome exact

Question 24

mononeuropathy vs polyneuropathy

Answer 24

mono:damage to a single peripheral nerve

poly: symetrical damage to multiple peripheral nerves

mono:focal
poly:bilateral, symmetric

mono:trauma, entrapment
poly:diabetes, alcoholism, b12, chemo