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Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 > week 4- Hip And Femur Anatomy > Flashcards

week 4- Hip And Femur Anatomy Flashcards

(130 cards)

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1
Q

Which is the largest and superior bone of the hip

A

Ilium

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2
Q

Which bone is located most posteriorly and inferiorly in the hip

A

Ischium

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3
Q

Which bone of the hip forms the most interior portion

A

Pubic bone. Located medially to the ischium

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4
Q

What do the acetabulum

A

Fusion of these 3 bones. Centre

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5
Q

What makes up the ball and socket joint of the hip

A

Acetabulum acts as the socket for the head of the femur which acts as the ball

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6
Q

How many axis can the hip joint rotate

A

Many it’s multiaxial

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7
Q

What is the hip joint designed for

A

Stability and weightbearing

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8
Q

What shape is the lunate surface of the acetabulum

A

Concave- like a crescent moon

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9
Q

What is another name for the hip joint

A

Acetabulofemoral joiny

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10
Q

What covers head of femur and lunate surface of acetabulum

A

Hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

Where is the acetabular fossa located

A

In the centre of the lunar surface- inside the crescent

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12
Q

What does the acetabular fossa contain

A

Loose CT, mobile fat pad
Not covered by hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

What is the acetabulum labrum

A

Firbocartilagenous collar that surrounds the bony rim of the acetabulum in a crescent shape

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14
Q

Where is the transverse acetabular ligament located

A

In between the crescent gap of the acetabular regions

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15
Q

How does the labrum of the acetabulum Benidorm stability of the hip joint

A

By deepening the acetabulum and increasing the area of articulation with the head of the femur

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16
Q

Where is the fovea captis femoris located. What is not located here

A

The top of the head of the femur. No hyaline cartilage is found here

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17
Q

Where does the joint capsule of the bio joint bind

A

Attaches to the acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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18
Q

How is the joint capsule adapted to its function to be strong and fibrous

A

Help of 3 ligaments.
Anteriorly and superiorly by the ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (connects the anterior inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim to the femoral intertrochanteric line. It is the strongest ligament of the hip joints)
PUBERFORMORAL LIGAMENT (more medial. From the obiturator crest and superior Remus of the pubis)
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (most posterior. Connects the ischia part of the acetabular run to the neck of the femur)

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19
Q

How many ligaments are in the hip joint

A

3

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20
Q

Name the ligaments of the hip joint

A

ILIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT( strongest. Located anteriorly)
PUBOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (more medial)
ISCHIOFEMORAL LIGAMENT (posteriorly located)

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21
Q

How are the ligaments’ fibres arranged and why

A

In a spiral fashion to help stabilise the joint by pulling the head of the femur medially into the acetabulum.
-reduces amount of muscle energy required to maintain a standing position
-prevents hyper extension of the hip
-prevents excessive abduction

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22
Q

Name the movements provided by the hip joint

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Internal/medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Circumduction- 360 movement of the leg

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23
Q

How is blood supplied to the leg

A

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
They arise from the deep femoral artery
-artery to head of femur

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24
Q

Where is the psoas major muscle origin and insertion

A

Bodies of vertebra T12-L4
Transverse processes of L1-L5

Lesser trochanter of femur as ILIOPSOAS TENDON

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25
Where is the ilacis muscle origin and insertion
Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter of femur Thigh flexion. Femoralnerve Femoral artery
26
What is the iliopsoas muscle
Psaos major and iliacus muscle They come together to pass underneath the inguinal ligament and into the region of the thigh
27
Where is the psoas minor origin and insertion
Small muscle runs along the surface of the psoas major 40-70% people don’t have this muscle O: vertabral bodies T12 L1 I: iliopubic eminence LUMBAR ARTERIES SPINAL NERVE
28
What is the ilacus innervated by
Femoral nerve
29
What is the psoas major innervated by
Femoral nerve
30
What is the psaos minor innervated by
Lumbar plexus
31
Where did the tensor fascia latae located
Anterior superior iliac spine Insterts ay iliotibial tract, lateral condyle of tibia Thigh internal rotation Knee leg external rotations Stabilise hip and knee joint Gluteal nerve Femoral artery
32
What are the superficial gluteus Muscles responsible for
Extension Abduction Rotation of the thigh at the hip joint Stabilise pelvis
33
What is the gluteus maximum inervated by
Inferior gluteal nerve
34
What are the other 3 muscles inervated by
Superior gluteal nerve
35
What do the muscles receive their blood supply from
Superior gluteal artery Inferior gluteal artery
36
What is the femoral artery the continuation of
The external iliac artery
37
Where is the femoral artery location
Origin=Directly behind the inguinal ligament End= exits the pelvis through the vascular lacuna and runs down towards the popliteal fossa
38
What bones make up the pelvis
Ileum Ishcium Pubis
39
What binds to the ischial tuberosity
Hamstring
40
Where does the hamstring bind
Ischial tuberosity
41
Where is the ischial tuberosity located
On the ischial inferiorly and posteriorly (bottom of the back curve)
42
What is the obturator foramen
The hole in between ischium and pubis
43
Where is the pubic tubercle located
Anteriorly and superiorly on the pubis. Slightly lateral to the pubic symphysis
44
Where is the superior pubic ramus located
Above the obturator foramen, centrally to the hole
45
Where is the inferior pubic ramus located
Inferiorly to the obturator foramen , centrally to the hole
46
Where is the ischial spine located
Posteriorly and superiorly on the ischium (top notch)
47
Where is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) found
Where the iliac crest ends Anteriorly
48
Where is the anterior inferior iliac spine located (AIIS)
inferior to the ASIS on the iliac
49
What muscle binds to the anterior inferior iliac spine
Rectus femoris , going in to the thigh
50
Where is the posterior superior iliac spine located
Posteriorly on the iliac, laterally to the spine. Superior (on top of) iliac spine
51
Where is the posterior inferior iliac spine located
Inferior and more lateral to the PSIS
52
Where is the obturator membrane located
Inside of the obturator foramen
53
Where is the inguinal ligament found
From the ASIS to the pubis
54
Where is the pubic symphysis located
I’m between the left and right pubis
55
Where is the iliolumbar ligament located
Between the ileum and the lumbar vertebrae
56
Where do we find the posterior/anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Posteriorly/ Anteriorly between the iliac and the sacrum
57
What is the longest muscle in the human body
Sartorious muscle
58
Where is the sartorious muscle located
Origin-Anterior superior iliac spine End- below medialcondyle of tibia Femoral nerve Femoral artery Thigh flexion, abduction, external rotation Lef flexion, leg externalrotation
59
Give functions of the sartorius muscle
Flexion of the thigh and knee Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh Medial rotation of the knee
60
What 4 muscles for the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Vastus medialis
61
Where is the quadriceps femoris muscle insertion
Quadriceps tendon
62
Where is the origin of the Rectus femoris muscle
Anterior inferior Iliad spine Supraacetabular sulcus
63
Which muscles can flex the thigh
Sartorius Rectus femoris
64
Where do the anterior muscles (Rectus femoris and sartorius) receive their inivation
Femoral nerve
65
Where do the anterior muscles (Rectus femoris and sartorius) receive their blood supply
Femoral artery
66
Where is the adductor brevis muscles located
Origin- inferior pubic ramus Inserts- linea aspera femoris
67
Where is the adductor longus muscle located
Origin- pubic symphysis Superior pubic ramus Insertion- linea aspera femoris
68
Where is the adductor magus origin and insertion
Origin- inferior pubic ramus Insertion- linea aspera femoris
69
Where is the adductor minimus muscle located
Origin- inferior pubic ramus Insertion- linea aspera femoris
70
What is the function of the adductor muscles (medial compartment muscles)
Adduction of the thigh and hip joint -Flexion of the thigh
71
Where do the adductor muscles receive their blood supply from
Obturator artery Deep femoral artery
72
Where is the biceps femoris located
Origin- Ischial tuberosity Insertion- head of fibula
73
Where is the semitendinous muscle located
Origin- sacrotuberous ligament Tuberosity of Ischium Insertion- anteriomedial tibial plateau
74
Where is the semimembranous muscle located
Origin- tuberosity of ischium Insertion- posteromedial tibial plateau -oblique popliteal ligament
75
Name the 3 hamstring muscles
Semimembranous muscle Bicep femoris Semitendinosus
76
What muscles are used in squatting
Gluteus maximus Quadriceps femoris Hamstrings
77
What is the quadriceps femoris responsible for
External rotation Stabilise femoral head to acetabulum
78
What makes up the femoral triangle
Medically abductor longus Anteriorly inguinal ligament Laterally satorious
79
State the location of the hamstring muscles
Bicep femoras- most laterally Semimembranous- most medially Semitendanous- middle
80
Origin of bicep femoris
Ischial tuberosity
81
Insertion of bicep femoris
Fibular head Posterolateral tibial plateau
82
Origin of semimebranosus
Ischial tuberosity
83
Insertion of semimebranosus
Posteromedial tibial plateau
84
Origin of semitendanosus
Ischial tuberosity Posterior sacrum Coccyx
85
Insertion of semitendanosus
Anteriomedial tibial plateau
86
Name the hip adductors
Adductor Brevis Adductor longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Gracilis
87
Adductor Magnus origin
Ischial tuberosity Inferior pubic ramus
88
Adductor Magnus insertion
Gluteal tuberosity Adductor tubercle Medial femur
89
Adductor brevis origin
Body of pubis Inferior ramus
90
Adductor brevis insertion
Proximal line aspera Pectineal line
91
Adductor longus origin
Body of pubis
92
Adductor longus insertion
Middle third of linea aspera
93
What is the linea aspera
Posterior ridge of femur below gluteal tuberosity
94
Name the muscle that hip abduct
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia latae
95
origin of glutes medius
anterior gluteal line
96
insertion of glutes medius
lateral surface of greater trochanter
97
origin of glutes minimus
outer cortex of ilium
98
insertion of glutes minimus
anterior surface of greater trochanter
99
origin of tensor fascia latae
ASIS iliac crest
100
insertion of tensor fascia latae
iliotibial band
101
origin of gluteus Maximus
outer cortex of ilium, posterior sacrum and coccyx
102
insertion of gluteus Maximus
posterior iliotibial tract gluteal tuberosity
103
name muscles which allow hip adduction
adductor longs adductor brevis adductor magnus pectineus gracilis
104
name muscles which allow hip extension
gluteus maximus bicep femoris semimembranosus semitendinosus
105
name muscles which allow hip flexion
iliopsoas rectus femoris satorious tensor fascia lata
106
name muscles which allow hip lateral rotation
gluteus maximus short lateral rotators (piriformis -obturator internus -superior and inferior gemelli -quadratus femoris)
107
name the short lateral rotators
piriformis -obturator internus -superior and inferior gemelli -quadratus femoris
108
name muscles which allow hip medial rotation
-gluteus medius -gluteus minimus -tensor fascia lata -the adductors
109
origin of quadrates femoris
lateral border of ischial tuberosity
110
insertion of quadrates femoris
quadrater tubercle
111
origin of piriformis
anterior surface of the sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
112
insertion of piriformis
posterosuperior greater trochanter
113
origin of obturator internus
inner surface of obturator membrane
114
insertion of obturator internus
medial greater trochanter
115
origin of inferior and superior gamelli
superior- ischial spine inferior- ischial tuberosity
116
insertion of inferior and superior gamelli
s- posterior greater trochanter I-posterior greater trochanter
117
name the ligaments of the hip
-iliofemoral ligament -ligament of head of femur -pubofemoral ligament -ischiofemoral ligament -transverse acetabular ligament
118
function and shape of iliofemoral ligament
-inverted Y -one of strongest ligament -STABILISES ANTERIOR HIP -PREVENTS EXCESSIVE HIP EXTENSION
119
function and shape of pubofemoral ligament
-triangular -strengtehns anterior and inferior hip joint -PREVENTS OVER ABDUCTION
120
function and shape of ischiofemoral ligament
-strengthens posterior hip joint -taut in internal rotation, extension, flexion and adduction
121
What muscles originate at Ischial tuberosity
Bicep femoris Semimebranosus Semitendanosus
122
Along with the hamstrings, what muscle helps with extension
Glute maximus
123
Function of piriofromis
Lateral rotator or thr hip
124
Iliopaoas functiom
Lumbar and hip flexion
125
What joint transfers weight of upper body to lower extremities
Sacroiliac joint
126
What does iliofemoral ligament prevent
Hyper extension
127
What is the angle of inclination of coxa vara (Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
105 Decrease in angle
128
What is the angle of inclination of coxa Valga (Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
140 Increase in alga
129
What is the angle of inclination of normal (Angle between head/neck and femoral shaft)
125 This is the angle between longitudinal axis of femoral neck to femoral shaft in frontal plane
130
Poplietus
Lateral condyle of femur Posterior surface of proximal tibia Tibial nerve Tibial artery Knee joint stabilisation

Clinical Anatomy- Term 1 (16 decks)

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