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Biochemical Principles > Week 4: Cell Biology > Flashcards

Week 4: Cell Biology Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Cells are surrounded by salty ____________ outside the cell or wall membrane

A

interstitial fluid

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2
Q

Sheets of likeminded cells with duplicate structure and function

A

Tissues

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3
Q

Cells differentiate into tissues in…

A

Multicellular organisms

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4
Q

All cells are seperate from their environment by a

A

plasmalemma or plasma membrane

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5
Q

Plants, bacteria, protozoa & viruses usually have a ______ or ________ outside the plasmalemma for extra protection

A

wall or capsule

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6
Q

All cells have __________, the fluuid and structure within the plasmalemma

A

cytoplasm

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7
Q

All cells have genes which code for reproduction & life functions (unless removed), most often _____, but sometimes in viruses, _____

A

DNA & RNA

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8
Q

Two basic types of cells

A

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

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9
Q

________________ are unicellular & float freely in the cytoplasm of cell. They are primarily bacteria & viruses.

A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q

_______________ are more evolved creatures, have a seperate cell nucleus for DNA storage, multicellular, and within the cytoplasm. Can be unicellular as well.

A

Eukaryotes

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11
Q

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes have micro organs called _______________ which perform many of the biochemical functions of cells

A

Organelles

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12
Q

____________ use host to reproduce themselves with cell factory. The cell dies & bursts open and the _________ spreads

A

Viruses

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13
Q

The __________ has a direct connection to the outside of the cell

A

Pili

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14
Q

Some cells have this…

A

Flagellum

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15
Q

Virus and Bacteria cells do NOT have…

A

mitochondrion

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16
Q

In a plant cell, this substance is fluid but stiff…consists of water and may be a bit salty

A

Vacuole

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17
Q

Plant cells have _________ which convert carbon dioxide to oxygen

A

chloroplasts

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18
Q

This molecule facilitates the production of oxygen from carbon dioxide

A

chlorophyll

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19
Q

The ______ of an eukaryotic cell stores its DNA & structures used for cell division & protein synthesis

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

Cells typically have one nucleus…

A

Uninucleate

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21
Q

Some plant cells, nerves & skeletal muscle cells are

A

multinucleated

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22
Q

Red blood cells are…They have their nucleus removed while maturing in bone marrow.

A

anucleate

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23
Q

RBC live about _________ before they degrade & are recycled by the spleen and liver

A

3-4 months

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24
Q

The ___________ is a double layered membrane and contains pores

A

nuclear envelope

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25
________ allow transport inand out of nucleus
pores
26
Convoluted network of lipid bilayer membranes that course throughout cytoplasm...
Endoplasmic Reticulum
27
This holds the lipid bilayer membranes in place
cytoskeletan
28
Smooth ER do not have these attached whereas Rough ER does...
Ribosomes
29
Endoplasmic reticulum is like...
the flexible wood element of the body
30
These membranes 1. organize interior of cell, 2. allow organized transport of molecullr products, 3. allow space for enzymes to manufacture necc molecules, 4. store cellular products like protein, 5. create vacuoles for storage & metabolism & 6. create vesicles which transport out or around cell
SER & RER
31
Cis means
close
32
Trans means
far
33
Place where proteins are modified
Golgi complex
34
The Golgi complex is constantly...
creating & destroying itself
35
The process in which Vacuoles are transported out of the cell like mucus or digestive enzymes
Exocytosis
36
Ribisomes are the organelles that _________ ___________ from translated genetic code.
Manufacture proteins
37
Ribosomes made from Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) are composed of how many specific subunits?
2 - a 30's and a 50's
38
Which of the two ribosome sub-units has a tunnel-like space inside which allows products to enter and exit?
50's
39
This is known as the cellular fuel in membranes and cytoplasm? (We call this Qi)
ATP
40
T/F Mitochondrion is a highly specialized organelle with a double membrane
True
41
Why are ribosomes sometimes called ribozymes?
Because of their enzymatic character
42
T/F Mitochondrion only comes from Mothers DNA?
True
43
When Mitochondrion cells get too large, they undergo a process called?
Fission
44
T/F Mitochondrion has its own loops of DNA and reproduces itself by itself as necessary?
True
45
The location in an enzyme where the enzyme catalyzes reactions is known as the ______ ______
Active site
46
What vesicles pinch off from ER and Golgi bodies and fill specific products?
Vacuoles
47
What process surrounds a particle and brings it in/eats?
endocytosis or phagocytosis
48
What process fuses with the plasmalemma and releases its contents to the interstitial environment (ie mucus or enzymes)?
exocytosis
49
______ is created by _______ and will fuse with _______ which carry _______ enzymes that breaks down the substance.
phagosome, endocytosis, lysosomes, lysing
50
Lys means
split or digest
51
What is the metabolic act of breaking down complex substances by enzymes into smaller molecules
catabolism
52
What is the building processes of the cell that assembles structures and stores molecules
anabolism
53
________ of a cell gives a cell volume and structure.
cytoskeleton
54
What memory protein is in the muscle (provides looseness and flexibility)?
actin
55
________ stiff protein tubes that assemble and disassemble as the cell's structural needs change.
microtubules
56
________ and ________ are mostly composed of the protein.
intermediate, | microfilaments
57
What makes a membrane IMPORTANT?
-create separation and discrimination,-allow storage space for cell products, -communication, -efficiency & organization, protection, -allows selective transport in & out of a cell, -creates ground for manufacturing
58
What is the primary structure of the cell?
lipid bilayer membrane
59
What is the lipid bilayer membrane made of?
- phospholipids - cholesterol - embedded proteins
60
The polar ends of the molecule group to face into water-based fluids of the cell interior.
cytoplasm
61
The polar ends of the molecule group to face into water-based fluids of the cell exterior
interstitial fluid
62
______ and _______ are embedded in the plasmalemma, ER and RER
proteins | carbohydrates
63
Proteins with a myriad of functions
Enzymes
64
Proteins that bind hormones and transmitters
Receptor proteins
65
Proteins that selectively allows ions and molecules through the membrane (eg calcium must be transported)
Channel proteins
66
Proteins that carry hormones or other molecules through the membrane (eg insulin is carried into cells)
Carrier proteins
67
Glycogen-based moieties operate as cell lubricants, adhesives, ID markers (immune recognition) and receptors
Carbohydrates
68
Receptors that are lipid-glycogen molecules
glycolipids
69
Receptors that are protein-glycogen molecules (eg mucus)
glycoproteins
70
Proteins on the surface (plasmalemma) that use ATP to move molecules in and out of cell
active transport
71
Proteins utilize natural chemical gradients of concentration or other properties to move molecules in and out of the cell without expending any energy.
passive transport
72
The plasmalemma is embedded with many types of _______ and ________ proteins and protein __________.
channel carrier receptors
73
Proteins that allow selective transport of ions, hormones, and molecules like glucose into or out of a cell. Fueled by ATP and work against the concentration gradient - active transport
channel proteins
74
Proteins that move larger molecules using passive and active transport.
carrier proteins
75
Proteins which are the communication devices of the cell with the bloodstream and with nearby tissue cells Reeive molecular signals from the exterior and communicate a message to the interior of the cell
receptor proteins
76
Can be hormone, amino acid, proteins, etc.
ligand

Biochemical Principles (11 decks)

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