Week 6: Lipids

Question 1

________________ fatty acids create separation & are the primary structural component of membranes

Answer 1

Phospholipid

Question 2

Lipids store energy as ______________ to provide energy for making ATP

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons

Question 3

T/F Hormones & prostaglandins are messengers in the bloodstream

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The four important vitamins in lipid life system process are ____, _____, _____ & ____-series

Answer 4

A, D, E & K-series

Question 5

This Vitamin series is essential for blood clotting

Answer 5

K-series

Question 6

These types of dietary lipids are used to absorb these vitamins from foods

Answer 6

Fats & Oils in your diet

Question 7

A human should have _____% of the diet in lipids to absorb enough vitamins

Answer 7

20%

Question 8

Stored fat lipids in body provide ________ protection and act as a ____________ from blows to the body.

Answer 8

thermal; shock-absorber

Question 9

T/F Lipids/Fats always have a strong hydrophillic character.

Answer 9

False - they are always HYDROPHOBIC with exception of Glycerol

Question 10

T/F Glycerol Fat lipids are Hydrophillic because it’s more polar

Answer 10

True

Question 11

1. Fatty acids, 2. Glycerols and 3. Sterols are 3 types of ___________ lipids

Answer 11

Structural

Question 12

4 types of lipids found in biological systems:

Answer 12

1. Fatty Acids, 2. Non-Glyceride Lipids, 3. Glycerides & 4. Complex lipids

Question 13

Chylo means

Answer 13

Digestion

Question 14

Sterols, waxes & Sphingolipids are all 3 unrelated types of ___________________ lipids

Answer 14

Non-Glyceride lipids

Question 15

Oleic Acid (olive oil), Lauric acid (coconut), Linoleic acid and phospholipids are all types of _______ ______

Answer 15

fatty acids

Question 16

Diglycerides, triglycerides & especially phospholipids are all types of __________

Answer 16

Glycerides

Question 17

Liposomes, Micelles, Lipoproteins & chylomicrons are all __________ ________

Answer 17

Complex Lipids

Question 18

All cell membranes whether interior or exterior, are primarily composed of ______ _____

Answer 18

fatty acids

Question 19

T/F The most crucial role of fatty acids in cells and tissues are as ALIPHATIC CHAINS in the structuring of CELL BILAYER MEMBRANES

Answer 19

True

Question 20

A fat found in humans that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are

Answer 20

Triglycerides

Question 21

An Oil found in plants that comes from prostaglandins transformed into energy storage molecules are

Answer 21

Vegetable

Question 22

T/F Fatty acids have most non-polar properties, but their acid heads lend some solubility in water

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Fatty acids can be used to _____________ non-polar & polar substances

Answer 23

emulsify

Question 24

Emulsify means to dissolve _______ & ___________ things into solution in water. Ex - dish soap on food oil

Answer 24

polar & non-polar

Question 25

Soaps are salts of ______ _______

Answer 25

fatty acids

Question 26

Most vegetable oils are composed of _________ ___________ types

Answer 26

Fatty acid

Question 27

A fatty acid, single or double bond in a chain, capped with a METHYL group on one end and a CARBOXYL group on the other describes a ______________ chain

Answer 27

Hydrocarbon

Question 28

Carboxyl groups form _______ bonds

Answer 28

weak

Question 29

With 4 double bonds and a ring structure, this type of acid is known as a trouble maker in the body because of inflammation tendencies

Answer 29

Arachidonic Acid

Question 30

Arachidic acid, Stearic Acid & Palmatic acid have _____ double bonds and are saturated fatty acids

Answer 30

No/Zero

Question 31

_________________ are the most abundant fatty acids in lipid bilayer membranes in all cell types

Answer 31

Phospholipids

Question 32

Phosphatidylcholine, also a diglyceride and emulsifier, is a major component of ____________ _____________

Answer 32

bilayer membranes

Question 33

___________, an emulsifing phospholipid is a common supplement powder.

Answer 33

Lethicin

Question 34

A sterol backbone is always a three ___-_________ ring with one ____-________ ring

Answer 34

6 - carbon; 5 - carbon

Question 35

______________ is a precursor molecule for sterol-based compounds

Answer 35

Cholesterol

Question 36

_________ is the basic molecular backbone used to make _________ hormones like corticosteroids & gonadal hormones

Answer 36

Sterol; sterol

Question 37

This organ regulates cholesterol

Answer 37

The liver

Question 38

We need __________ in order to make cholesterol

Answer 38

hormones

Question 39

______________ are constructed from fatty acids called Sphingosine that has an amino (nitrogen-containing_ alcohol + a long chain of fatty acids

Answer 39

Sphingolipids

Question 40

Sphingolipids are important in maintaining & improving the function of the ______________ and occur in many forms

Answer 40

plasmalemma

Question 41

Glycerol is the backbone for ____________ fats

Answer 41

Glyceride

Question 42

A monoglyceride has ____ fatty acid

Answer 42

one

Question 43

A Diglyceride has ____ fatty acids

Answer 43

two

Question 44

A triglyceride has ____ fatty acids

Answer 44

three

Question 45

T/F A Glycerol can only attach up to 3 chains

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Phosphatidylcholine & phosphatidylethanolamine are two important types of __________________ used in lipid bilayer and compose phosphoglycerides. They have polar & non-polar regions.

Answer 46

Diglycerides

Question 47

You store Glycogen in your ____________

Answer 47

muscles

Question 48

You store adipose in your ________

Answer 48

flesh

Question 49

____________________ are the most common way animals store fat in adipose tissue

Answer 49

Triglycerides

Question 50

T/F Triglycerides can be broken down & converted to energy as needed and have a LOW caloric value.

Answer 50

False, they can be broken down, converted to energy as needed & have a HIGH caloric value, almost 2x that of carbohydrates

Question 51

Triglycerides always have ____ fatty acids chains on a Glycerol backbone. They are known as the awful fat that everyone freaks out about.

Answer 51

3

Question 52

A liposome chamber stores _______-__________ molecules

Answer 52

water-soluble

Question 53

A Micelle chamber stores _____-__________ molecules

Answer 53

fat-soluble

Question 54

A ____________ is a small sphere of bilayer & stores or transports polar, water soluble molecules

Answer 54

Liposome

Question 55

A __________ is a single layer of phospholipid & stores or transports non-polar, fat soluble molecules

Answer 55

Micelle

Question 56

_______________ is a non-hormonal lipoprotein micelle that transports triglycerides + cholesterol in the bloodstream.

Answer 56

chylomicron

Question 57

Prostaglandins & sterols are the two most common lipid _________________. They tell your body when and where to feel pain.

Answer 57

Messengers

Question 58

Several types of lipid molecules are used as ____________ & ___________-_______ messengers. Examples are: prostaglandins, sterols, nucleotides, peptides, nitrogen oxide & amino acids.

Answer 58

hormone & hormone-like