Week 7 pt 1 Flashcards
(56 cards)
Describe the base of the fetal skull
Large, ossified, united, noncompressible bones
Protects brain stem and spinal connections
Describe the fetal vault (cranium)
Thin, weakly ossified, compressible bones connected by membranes
Allows for molding
Overlapping under pressure and changing of shape to conform to maternal pelvis
1) What separates occipital bone from parietal bones?
2) What separates parietal and frontal bones?
1) Lamboid suture
2) Coronal sutrue
1) What separates frontal bones?
2) Describe the saggital suture
1) Frontal suture
2) Anteroposterior
Between parietal bones
Define fontanelles and describe the two
Intersection points of the sutures
1) Posterior fontanelle: 6 – 8 weeks of life
“lambda”
2) Anterior fontanelle: 18 months of life
“bregma”
Diamond shape
List the bones of the pelvis
1) Sacrum
2) Coccyx
3) 2 innominates (right and left hip bones)
-Ilium
-Pubis
-Ischium
What 3 things hold the pelvic bones together?
Sacroiliac joints
Sacrococcygeal joint
Pubic symphysis
Describe the coccyx
3-5 rudimentary vertebrae
Bones may articulate or may be fused
Describe the 2 divisions of the pelvis
False pelvis
Above the linea terminalis (edge of pelvic inlet)
Only obstetric function is to support the uterus
True pelvis
Below the linea terminalis
Bony canal with solid immobile borders
Area of concern because dimensions may not be adequate for safe vaginal delivery
List the 4 basic types of pelvic architecture
Gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid
Pelvic shapes: The dashed lines indicate the widest ____________ diameter of the inlet.
transverse
Describe a gynecoid pelvis
Most common female pelvis type (50% of females)
Cylindrical, spacious shape that allows the fetal head to rotate
Little to no difficulty during birth (relative to other types)
Describe an android pelvis
1) Typical male pelvis (less then 30% of females)
2) Limited space at inlet and progressively less space as fetus moves down pelvis
3) Descent arrest is common
Describe an Anthropoid pelvis
Pelvis type of 20% of females
Fetal head can only engage in AP diameter
AP diameter is much larger than transverse diameter
Describe Platypelloid pelvis
Uncommon pelvis type (3% of females)
Fetal head has to engage in the transverse diameter
Higher risk of transverse arrest
List the S/Sx of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)
1) Hypotonia
2) Intellectual disability
3) Dysmorphic facial features
4) Bradycephaly with flat occiput
5) Short neck with loose skin on nape
6) Single transverse palmar crease
7) Atrioventricular Septal Defect
List the S/Sx of Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
1) Many die in womb; 50% survive the first week
2) Intellectual disability
3) Microcephaly
4) Heart defects
5) Omphalocele
6) Multiple joint contractures
List the S/Sx of Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
1) Cleft lip
2) Polydactyly
3) Microcephaly
4) Microphthalmia
5) Omphalocele
List the S/Sx of Turner Syndrome (45, X)
1) Short stature
2) Streak ovaries
3) No secondary sex development
No menarche
4) Coarctation of the aorta
5) Webbed Neck
List the S/Sx of Klinefelter Syndrome (47, XXY)
1) Infertility (often when/why the dz is discovered)
2) Androgen deficiency
-Decreased muscle tone
-Decreased bone mineral density
-Loss of Libido
3) Learning Disability
List 4 S/Sx of Deletion 5p (Cri du chat Syndrome)
1) Severe intellectual disability
2) Microcephaly
3) Distinctive facial features
4) Characteristic “cat’s cry” sound
Moderate-to-severe intellectual delay, characteristic facies; cardiac abnormalities; increased incidence of respiratory infections and leukemia; only 2% live beyond age 50 years
This describes what?
Down syndrome
Severe intellectual disability; multiple organic abnormalities; less than 10% survive 1 year
This describes what?
Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome)
Severe intellectual disability; neurologic, ophthalmologic and organic abnormalities; 5% survive 3 years
This describes what?
Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)
