WEEK 9 Cardiac Disease Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the definition of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.
It is also associated with damage to the arteries of the brain, kidneys, and eyes.
What are the types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA) & Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA’s)
- Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- Aortic Disease
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
A disease where the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed, sometimes called ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease.
What are the risk factors associated with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
- Age
- Gender
- Social deprivation
- Smoking
- Diet
- Exercise
- Alcohol
- Psychosocial well-being
- Blood pressure
- Cholesterol
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Ethnicity
- Family history
What are common symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
- Pain, discomfort, pressure, tightness, numbness, or burning sensation in chest, arms, shoulders, back, upper abdomen or jaw
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue or weakness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Indigestion or heartburn
- Sweating or clammy skin
- Rapid heart rate
- Palpitations
- Swollen ankles or legs
- Feeling of something being wrong
What is angina?
Angina is chest pain due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the heart muscle.
What are the types of angina?
- Stable (angina pectoris)
- Unstable
- Variant (Prinzmetal)
- Microvascular (Cardiac Syndrome X)
What are common treatments for angina?
- Medications (nitrates, anticoagulants)
- Lifestyle changes
- Surgery (angioplasty, CABG)
What is the incidence and prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in the UK?
CHD is the most common cause of death and premature death in the UK, with 66,000 deaths per year.
What are the symptoms of Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Symptoms include severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and cold sweat.
What is the treatment for Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
- Drugs (beta-blockers, vasodilators)
- Cardiac catheterisation/angiography
- PTCA
- Stenting
- CABG
What is heart failure?
Heart failure is when the heart is unable to adequately pump blood around the body, usually due to stiffness or weakness.
What are the common causes of heart failure?
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Cardiomyopathy
- Damaged valves
- Arrhythmias
- Congenital conditions
- Viral infections
- Chemotherapy
- Excessive alcohol
- Anaemia
- Thyroid disease
How is heart failure treated?
- Diuretics
- Pacemaker
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
What is the prognosis for Myocardial Infarction (MI)?
Prognosis depends on the site of infarction and the degree of damage, with potential outcomes including sudden death and heart failure.
True or False: Women have a better prognosis than men after a Myocardial Infarction (MI).
False
Fill in the blank: Heart Valve Disease can affect any of the _____ valves.
[four]
What can cause Heart Valve Disease?
- Congenital heart disease
- Rheumatic fever
- Cardiomyopathy
- Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- Endocarditis
- Aging
What are the symptoms of Heart Valve Disease?
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Ankle/feet swelling
- Fatigue
What is valve incompetence?
Valve incompetence is when a valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backward.
What is stenosis?
Stenosis is when a valve does not open fully, obstructing or restricting blood flow.
