WEEK 9 Cardiac Surgery Flashcards
(24 cards)
What does CABG stand for?
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Name two common cardiac surgical procedures.
- CABG
- Valve repair/replacement
What artery is commonly used as a graft in CABG?
Internal Thoracic Artery (ITA) or Internal Mammary Artery (IMA)
What are some complications associated with CABG?
- Perioperative MI
- Bleeding (2-5% require re-opening)
- Low cardiac output
- Atrial Fibrillation (AF) in 40% of patients
- Chest infection/pneumonia
- Renal impairment/failure
True or False: Grafts from CABG typically last 15-20 years.
False
Fill in the blank: The blocked portion of the coronary artery is bypassed with another piece of _______.
[blood vessel]
What is the purpose of cardioplegia during CABG?
To allow cardiac arrest so the surgeon can operate on a non-beating, bloodless heart
What is the typical duration of a CABG surgery?
3-6 hours
What are the common graft sites used in CABG?
- Saphenous vein
- Radial artery
- Left internal thoracic (mammary) artery (LITA)
- Right internal thoracic (mammary) artery (RITA)
List two causes of heart valve disease.
- Congenital heart disease
- Rheumatic fever
What are the symptoms of heart valve disease?
- Shortness of breath (SOB)
- Ankle/feet swelling
- Fatigue
Describe valve incompetence.
When the valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backwards.
What is the typical duration of a valve replacement surgery?
2-4 hours
What is the expected life expectancy after heart transplantation?
- 80-90% live at least 1 year
- 70-75% live at least 5 years
- 50% live at least 10 years
What are the two types of valve replacements?
- Mechanical
- Tissue (bioprosthetic)
What is a Ross procedure?
The aortic valve is replaced with the pulmonary valve, which is subsequently replaced as well.
What are some complications of heart transplantation?
- Rejection of the transplanted heart
- Graft failure
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Fill in the blank: The immune system attacking the transplanted heart is known as _______.
[rejection]
What are some side effects of immunosuppressant medication?
- Increased vulnerability to infections
- Weight gain
- Kidney problems
What should patients typically do post-cardiac surgery?
- Early mobilization
- Progressive exercise
- Attend rehabilitation program
True or False: Mood changes and depression are uncommon in the postoperative recovery period.
False
What is the role of physiotherapy in cardiac surgery recovery?
To manage complications and promote recovery through techniques such as secretion clearance and early mobilization
What is the significance of the gastroepiploic artery in CABG?
It can be mobilized off the stomach and taken to post coronary artery.
List some complications that can occur after valve surgery.
- Stroke
- Clotting
- Arrhythmia
- Wound infection
