Yr1 Chemistry and Biochemistry I

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

Science that deals with the composition and properties of substances and elementary forms of matter

Question 2

What is biochemistry

Answer 2

Science concerned with the chemical and physical chemistry processes of substances in living organism

Question 3

What is matter

Answer 3

Everything around us that has mass and occupies space

Question 4

What are atoms

Answer 4

Particles that make up matter. Lego bricks that make everything in the universe.

Question 5

What are the three elements of atoms?

Answer 5

Electrons, protons and neutrons

Question 6

What is an element?

Answer 6

A substance make from one type of atom so it cannot be split

Question 7

Chemical symbol of hydrogen

Answer 7

H

Question 8

Chemical symbol of calcium

Answer 8

Ca

Question 9

Chemical symbol of carbon

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Chemical symbol of magnesium

Answer 10

Mg

Question 11

How many elements in the human body

Answer 11

26

Question 12

What are the 4 major elements in the human body?

Answer 12

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & nitrogen

Question 13

What does Fe mean?

Answer 13

Iron

Question 14

What percentage of the human body is made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen?

Answer 14

96%

Question 15

What forms the nucleus of a atom?

Answer 15

Proton plus neutron

Question 16

What has a positive charge and mass of approx 1 atomic unit

Answer 16

Proton

Question 17

What has no charge and mass of approx 1 atomic unit

Answer 17

neutrons

Question 18

What are electrons?

Answer 18

negatively charged particles that buzz around a nucleus creating an electron cloud.
They have virtually no mass.

Question 19

How does an atom have an overall neutral charge?

Answer 19

It has an equal number of electrons and protons

Question 20

How are electrons grouped?

Answer 20

In pairs

Question 21

What is an electron shell?

Answer 21

Pairs of neutrons moving around the nucleus

Question 22

How does an atom become reactive?

Answer 22

If the outer shell loses and electron

Question 23

Why is an atom like a family?

Answer 23

Proton is an adult with one electron child
Neutron is an adult with no children
Adults hang out together in the nucleus and weigh 1
Children weight virtually nothing and buzz around

Question 24

What determines the chemical properties of an atom?

Answer 24

Number of protons and electrons

Question 25

What does the number of an element on the periodic table mean? TOP

Answer 25

How many protons and therefor how many electrons.

Question 26

What does the number of an element on the periodic table mean? BOTTOM

Answer 26

Atomic mass / weight

Question 27

What do all of the elements in column one of the period table have in common?

Answer 27

React with water - further down the more vigorous reaction

Question 28

What do floride, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine have in common?

Answer 28

Halogens

Question 29

What is the relevance of the halogens for thyroid health

Answer 29

Iodine is required for thyroid hormones (T3 & T4). Fluoride and chloride can inhibit iodine absorption

Question 30

Where would you find fluoride and chloride?

Answer 30

Toothpaste, tap water, mouthwashes, swimming pools and chlorinated washed vegetables

Question 31

What is an isotope?

Answer 31

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus

Question 32

How can isotopes before unstable

Answer 32

When the have a big imbalance of protons compared to neutrons in their nucleus

Question 32

What's different about isotopes and what's the same

Answer 32

Same - chemical activity Different - atomic mass

Question 32

How can isotopes cause radiation

Answer 32

When they have more protons than neutrons in their nucleus

Question 32

How are isotopes used in medicine

Answer 32

Some diagnostic methods use radioactive tracers which emit gamma rays

Question 33

How does radio therapy use isotopes

Answer 33

It uses gamma rays from radioactive isotopes to target rapidly dividing cells

Question 34

What is a negative of radiotherapy

Answer 34

It also damages healthy tissues

Question 35

Which test usings radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13?

Answer 35

Breath test for H pylori