(1) Picornaviridae Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Picornaviridae have large family of viruses but what is their SIZE
A
small
q
2
Q
Pico is a spanish term which menas?
A
Little bit
3
Q
characteristic of Picornaviridae
A
- Small protien
- Positive ssRNA
- naked
- Icosahedral
4
Q
viral capsid consists of?
A
60 sub-unit with 4 proteins
5
Q
Viral capsid consists of 60 subunits with 4 proteins which are
A
Viral proteins 1-4
6
Q
TOF
Picornaviridae are resistant to alcohol or downy?
A
False (downy is not a detergent)
Alcohol and Detergent
7
Q
how many genera does picornaviridae have?
A
12 genera
8
Q
from the 12 genera of the picornaviridae, what are the 2 MAJOR pathogens
A
Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses
9
Q
PICORNAVIRIDAE
acid labile and the common
causative agents of the common cold.
A
Rhinoviruses
10
Q
PICORNAVIRIDAE
what journal state that drinking citrus drinks will help with common cold
A
HA NONE BOBO
theres no such evidence proving that it is effective
11
Q
PICORNAVIRIDAE
stable at acidic pH (3.0-5.0)
and can remain infectious for 1-3 hours
A
Enteroviruses
12
Q
enumerate the viruses of the picornaviridae
A
- Enterovirus
- Hepatovirus
- Kobuvirus
- Parechovirus
- Cardiovirus
- Aphthovirus
13
Q
Causative agents of heart disease in rodents
A
Cardiovirus
14
Q
foot-and-mouth disease viruses
o Commonly seen in cattle and piglets
A
Aphthovirus
15
Q
if u see this card
A
kindly check the table for the characteristic of human picornaviruses
16
Q
Enteroviruses can be isolated from?
A
enteric GIT
“entero”
17
Q
PICORNAVIRIDAE
what are the serotypes of poiioviruses
A
PV1, PV2, PV3
17
Q
Rhinoviruses can be isolated in?
A
upper respiratory
tract—in the nose and the throat
“rhino”
18
Q
what characteristic polioviruses have against other viruses, it is connected with their immunity
A
Minimal heterotypic immunity
19
Q
what is minimal heterotypic immunity
A
one serotype does not produce a significant immunity against the other serotypes
20
Q
Polioviruses caause what life threatening disease?
A
Polio or Poliomyelitis
21
Q
Incubation period of poliovirus
A
7 to 14 days
22
Q
MOT of Poliovirus
A
fecal-oral route
23
Q
Incubation for polivirus can be as short and long as?
A
as short as 3 days or as long as
33 days
24
25
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
Fecal oral route →
travels in GI tract
25
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
Travels in GI tract →
infects small intesting/oral pharynx epithelium
| primary sites of replication
26
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
spread to CNS by?
viremia or retrograde transport in peripheral nerves
| (exact mechanism unknown
26
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
infects small intesting/oral pharynx epithelium →
replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue
26
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
replicates in submucosal lymphoid tissue →
transient viremia
27
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
binds to the receptors of?
anterior horn motor neurons
28
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what are the target site of the virus
anterior horn motor neurons
29
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
where will it replicate, and lyse
motor neurons
anterior horn motor neurons
30
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what are the possible ways of innervating on the anterior horn motor neurons
- Distal muscles
- Proximal muscle
31
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
produce a lower motor neuron disease
distal muscles
32
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what does the distal muscles infection includes
**lower extremities** which
is indicated by asymmetrical limbs and the
like
33
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what part may lead to respiratory
insufficiency and possible death infection
proximal muscles
34
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what does the proximal muscles infection includes
Proximal muscles mainly include the chest which affects the muscles of respiration.
## Footnote
`
35
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
what immunoglobulin are produced
- IgG
- secretory IgA
36
# Poliovirus - Pathogenesis
at will protect the host against future
infections
lasting immunity from the immunoglobulins
37
enumerate the clinical findings of the poliovirus
1. Asymptomatic
2. Mild disease
3. Non-paralytic poliomyelitis
4. paralytic poliomyelitis
5. Progressive Post-poliomyelitis muscle atrophy
38
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
- Most common form
- Non-specific flu-like symptoms such as sore throat, fever, malaise, nausea, headache, stomach pain
Mild Disease
39
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
what percentage or approximation does patients present milder form of the disease
1 out of 4 patients
40
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
- Also known as the aseptic meningitis
- Occurs in 1-5 out of 100 people with poliovirus
Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis
41
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
- Presents as stiffness of the neck with neck pain
- Recovery is rapid and complete
Non-Paralytic Poliomyelitis
42
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
Presents with flaccid paralysis
| flaccid = soft
Paralytic Poliomyelitis
43
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
Secondary to the destruction of the nerve cells and lower motor neuron damage
Paralytic Poliomyelitis
44
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
usual maximal recovery for paralytic poliomyelitis
within 6 months
45
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
recovery is longer for paralytic poliomyelitis when there is a?
residual paralysis in the nerve cells
46
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
- Also known as the “post-polio syndrome”
- Occurs in adults who had paralytic poliomyelitis during childhood and then develops noninfectious post-polio syndrome 15-20 years la
Progressive Post- poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy
47
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
- Characterized by slow & irreversible exacerbation of weakness
- Common initial manifestation includes muscle and joint pain
Progressive Post-poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy
48
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
Progressive Post poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy occurs in about?
** 25-40%** of polio survivors
49
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
TOF
Prevalence for Progressive Post-poliomyelitis Muscle Atrophy are clear
F (UNCLEAR)
50
# Poliovirus - Clinical Findings
3 countries in the world have never stopped the
transmission of polio
Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria
| PANdesal
51
lab diagnosis for poliovirus
- Culture
- Serological test
- PCR - the most sensitive and
specific test for the virus
51
what specimen is used for poliovirus
**Specimen:** throat swab, rectal
swab and stool since virus shreds
in the stool
52
treatment for poliovirus
No cure
53
Immunity for poliovirus
- Primary infection
- Passive infection
- Vaccine
54
# Poliovirus immunity
results to permanent immunit
Primary infection
55
# Poliovirus immunity
acquired from
infected and cured mother to offspring
Passive immunity
56
type of vaccination for poliovirus
- SALK: inactivated polio virus
- SABIN: oral polio virus
57
# Poliovirus
the only vaccine used in the US.
It is injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously. It is usually
used in combination with other vaccines
inactivated polio
virus (SALK)
58
dosage for SALK vaccine
3 dosage: 2nd, 4th and 6th month of ages
59
incubation period for COXSACKIEVIRUS
Incubation lasts between 2 to 9 days.
60
Clinical manifestation of COXSACKIEVIRUS
| cock - sasi - virus
range from a mild, febrile illness
to CNS, skin, cardiac, and respiratory diseases
| wide clinical manifestation
61
# Coxsackievirus
Associated with herpangina or vesicular pharyngitis which
produces lesions around the oral cavit
Coxsackievirus Group A
62
# Coxsackievirus
Common cause of the hand, foot, and mouth disease
(HFMD) and conjunctivitis
Coxsackievirus Group A
63
Coxsackievirus Group A is associated with?
meningoencephalitis and paralysis
64
Paralysis with coxsackievirus recovery is ____ and ____ as opposed to the poliovirus paralysis
complete and
reversible
65
Coxsackievirus Group B
| clue: same as group A
Associated with meningoencephalitis and paralysis
66
Coxsackievirus Group B is linked to a?
- viral heart disease
- the generalized disease of infant
67
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS for Coxsackievirus
1. Aseptic Meningitis
2. Herpangina
3. Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
4. Pleurodynia or Epidemic Myalagia
5. Viral Myocarditis or Pericarditis
6. Common colds with undifferentiated febrile illness
7. Generalized disease of infant
8. Diarrhea
9. Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
68
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
- Fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting.
- Head and neck stiffness and pain.
Aseptic Meningitis
69
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
- Commonly associated with Coxsackie Group A
- Characterized by severe febrile pharyngitis
Herpangina
70
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
- Abrupt onset of fever, sore throat, discrete vesicles on
posterior half of palate, pharynx, tonsil, and tongue
Herpangina
71
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
- Difficulty in swallowing or a decreased appetite
may be an indication of vesicles in the palate
Herpangina
72
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
Common in 2- to 3-year-olds
Herpangina
73
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
- Oral and pharyngeal ulceration and vesicular rash of palms and soles that may spread to arms and legs
similar to those of chicken pox
Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
74
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
Vesicles heal without crusting
Hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD)
75
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
serotype associated with HFMD
- CV-A16
- CV-B1
- Enterovirus 71
76
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
o Fever and stabbing chest pain
o May last from 2 days to 2 weeks
o Abdominal pain in half of the cases
Pleurodynia or Epidemic Myalagia
77
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
Inflammation of the myocardium or the muscle of the heart, or even the pericardium covering the heart.
Viral Myocarditis or Pericarditis
78
# Coxsackievirus - Clinical Manifestation
A serious disease wherein an infant is overwhelmed with simultaneous viral infections of the different
organs—brain, heart, or even lungs.
Generalized disease of infant
79
Lab diagnosis for Coxsackievirus
- Serological test
- PCR
80
specimen for Coxsackievirus
Specimen: rectal swab and stool, CSF, conjunctival swabs, throat swab
81
Treatment for Coxsackievirus
Supportive; treatment to symptoms
82
immunity for Coxsackievirus
No available vaccines
83
meaning of ECHO in ECHOVIRUSES
Enteric Cytopathogenic Human Orphan (ECHO) Viruses
84
grouped together because they infect the human enteric tract and because they can be recovered from
humans only.
ECHOVIRUSES
85
Clinical manifestaion for ECHOVIRUSES
1. Aseptic meningitis
2. Encephalitis febrile illness w/ or w/o rash
3. Common colds
4. Ocular diseases
86
specimen for ECHOVIRUSES
Specimen: rectal swab and stool, CSF, conjunctival swabs, throat swab
87
lab diagnosius for ECHOVIRUSES
- Serological Test
- PCR
88
Prevention for ECHOVIRUSES
- Avoidance of contact
- No available vaccine
89
management for ECHOVIRUSES
**Supportive** management is done in order to tend to the opportunistic or secondary infections brought upon by the primary infection
90
- These are the common cold viruses.
- Commonly isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions
Rhinoviruses
91
RHINOVIRUSES human isolates are numbered?
sequentially
92
how many known types of Rhinoviruses are there
more than 150
93
Rhinoviruses are divided into what groups
Major and Minor
94
# Rhinoviruses
uses the intracellular adhesion molecule
1 (ICAM 1) as its receptor
Major group
95
# Rhinoviruses
uses the low-density lipoprotein receptor
(LDLR) family
Minor group
96
Mainly cause upper respiratory tract infections and rarely cause lower respiratory tract infections.
Rhinoviruses
97
# Rhinoviruses
Patients with asthma are at most risk since these virus cause
infections that are the most common cause of
asthma exacerbation
98
MOT of Rhinoviruses
inhalation of contaminated aerosol droplets
99
where does the virus enters and multiply in Rhinovirus
entry of virus via the upper respiratory tract which will then replicate in the surface epithelium of nasal mucosa
100
after replication of rhinovirus, where will it pass
nasal secretions
101
Incubation periods of Rhinoviruses
Incubation periods lasts between 2 to 4 days
102
Clinical manifestation of Rhinovirus
Sneezing
Nasal obstruction
Nasal discharge
Sore throat
Headache
Mild cough
Malaise
103
Immunity of Rhinovirus
**Neutralizing antibodies** to infecting
virus develop in serum and
secretion
104
Prevention of Rhinovirus
Non-specific prevention method
105
Treatment of Rhinovirus
Supportive
106
# Rhinovirus - TOF
Immunity is possible; however, the titers of these antibodies gradually increase as time passes therefore
enabling reinfection.
F (antibodies gradually DECREASE)
107
