(2) Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus Flashcards by Geno Alinsub

Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus

All viruses initiate infection via the respiratory tract & limited to respiratory epithelia except

measles & mumps (dessiminated, viremia is present)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enumerate the structure of paramyxovirus

Pleomorphic
enveloped viral genome: linear, (-) ss non-segmented RNA
RNP
Matrix Protein
Hemagglutinin-neuromanidase (HN) protein
Fusion Protein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

structure - TOF

HN protein may or may not have hemagglutinin or neurominadase activity

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Structure: Fusion protein - TOF

Majority of the virus has hemolysin activity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Outstanding characteristics of paramyxovirus

Antigenically stable
Particles are labile yet highly Infectious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(4) CLASSIFICATION

Paramyxoviridae

4 classification?

Respirovirus
Rubulavirus
Morbilivirus
Henipavirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CLASSIFICATION

Pneumoviridae

Pneumovirus
Metapneumovirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

if u see this card

study the table for characteristics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To remember:

Respirovirus

Parainfluenza 1,3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To remember:

Rubulavirus

Diseases it manifests

Mumps
Parainfluenza 2, 4a, 4b

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To remember:

Morbillivirus

Diseases it manifests

Measles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To remember:

Henipavirus

Disease it manifests

Hendra
Nipah

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under Pneumoviridae: Only those that are medicallyimportant

Pneumovirus

Respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Under Pneumoviridae: Only those that are medically important

Metapneumovirus

Human metapneumovirus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

viruses that have hemeagglutinin

Parainfluenza 1, 3, 2, 4a, and 4b
Mumps
Measles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Viruses that have the ability for hemeadsorption

Parainfluenza 1, 3, 2, 4a, and 4b
Mumps
Measles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Major cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection In young child.

Parainfluenza Virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pediatric Respiratory Tract Pathogen

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

and Parainfluenza virus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

most prevalent; endemic

Type 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

epidemic

Types 1 and 2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Mode of transmission

person to person or large droplet nuclei

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

incubation period

5-6days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Epidemiology

Shedding

1 week (from the start of sign and symptoms)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parainfluenza Virus - Infection

what is the syndrom called

common cold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection - non-specific flu like symptoms - infection presentation

Common cold syndrome

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

Type 1 & 2

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection - Upper respiratory tract - pediatric patients <2 (more common for them)

Type 1 & 2 : croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection Presentation of Type 1 & 2 : croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

barking caugh and stridor (high pitch wheezing)

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection pneumonia or bronchiolitis What type of parainfluenza

Type 3

# Parainfluenza Virus - Infection - Virus can go down and infect low airways (lower tract of lungs) - More susceptible to acquiring bacterial infection

Type 3: pneumonia or bronchiolitis

# Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis enumerate the 4 lab diagnosis

- RT-PCR - Ag Detection - Serological Test - Culture

# Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis techniques under Ag detection

- direct immunofluorescence - indirect immunofluorescence

# Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis techniques under Serological test:

- Neutralization - Hemagglutination Inhibition (HAI) - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

# Parainfluenza Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis techniques under culture

**Continuous** monkey kidney cell line

# Parainfluenza Virus Prevention and Treatment

- Ribavirin - No vaccine

most imporant cause of lower respiratory tract illnes in infants and young children | Pediatric Respiratory Tract Pathogen

Respiratory Syncytial Virus | same as parainfluenza

Most common cause of **bronchiolitis pneumonia** in infants < 1yo | Peak incidence: <2 months

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Most common **viral pneumonia** in <5yo

Respiratory Syncytial Virus

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection Incubation

3-5days

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection Shedding

1-3 wks in pediatrics 1-2 days in adults

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection enumerate the viral replication

viral replication in EC of Upper respiratory tract → Lower respiratory tract → bronchitis & pneumonia

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection Lower Respiratory tract infection

Bronchitis, bronchiolitis & interstitial pneumonia

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Infection TOF Infection also of Otits media

F (otitis not otits)

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Transmission MOT

Large-particle droplets and contact with formites

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis enumerate the 5 lab diagnosis

- RT - PCR - Culture - Rapid antigen detection kits - Shell vial culture - Serological test

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis what are the medium for culture used

Hela & HEp2, Monkey Kidney & human diploid cell

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis culture for most sensitive for this particular virus

Hela & HEp2

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis TOF Cultures shoud detect the CPE

Turth

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis CPE found

giant cells with syncitia

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis - for faster detection - 24 to 48 (use immunofluorescense) - the sample can be used for RT-PCR

Shell vial culture

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus - Laboratory Diagnosis why HAI and hemeadsorption are not pwede for the testing

they do not hemeagglutinins

# Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention and Treatment

- Rivarbin - No vaccine - Supportive management <3 (symptoms lang pinapagaling_

- Endemically worldwide - Primary an infection of children

Mumps

highest incidence 5-9yo in <5yo → Upper respiratory tract infection

Mumps

# Mumps - Infection Mode of Transmission:

- direct contact - airborne droplets - formites - contaminated saliva or urine

# Mumps - Infection ratio of asymptomatic

1/3 ; asymptomatic

# Mumps - Infection Primary replication

Epithelial cells of URT

# Mumps - Infection enumerate the route

Dessiminate in the blood (+) viremia → Salivary gland → other organs | possible infection for kidney

# Mumps - Infection Incubation

2-4 weeks (14-18 days)

# Mumps - Infection shedding

3 days before & 9 days after onset of salivary gland swelling (parotitis) | not an obligatory process in infection (parotitis)

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation Prodromal period of?

malaise & anorexia | non-specific symptoms

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation enlargement of?

parotid gland

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation CNS involvement around what percentage | `

10-20%

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation TOF Testes and ovary may also be affected

True

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation if the mumps occurred during puberty what can happen

Testes and ovary may also be affected

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation what happen to male

20 to 50% develop orchitis (unilateral) | inflammation of one or both testicles

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation what happen to female

5% developing oophoritis (swelling of ovaries)

# Mumps - Clinical Presentation percentage of pancreattits occuring

# Mumps - Immunity enumer8

- Lifelong immunity - Passive immunity (from mother to baby)

# Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosis enumer7+1

- RT-PCR - Culture: Monkey kidney cell - Shell vial culture – Faster culture - Rapid antigen detection kits - Serological test

# Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosis specimen used

- Saliva - CSF - Urine

# Mumps - Laboratory Diagnosisq diagnosis are mainly based on?

mainly clinical symptoms (findings)

# Mumps Treatment:

- Supportive management - Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine

- Highly infectious - Single serotype (has vaccine) - No animal reservoir

Measles (Rubeola)

- Endemic throughout the world - Industrialize countries: 5-10 yo - Developing countnes: <5 yo

Measles (Rubeola)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Infection Mode of Transmission:

respiratory inhalation

# Measles (Rubeola) - Infection enumerate the viral replication

Upper respiratory tract → Regional lymph node near RT → Primary viremia → Reticulo endothelial system (replication) → Secondary viremia → Epithelial surface of the body (skin, respiratory tract, Conjunctiva)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Infection ncubation period:

8-15 days - 3 weeks

# Measles (Rubeola) - Infection Shedding

prodromal phase (2-3 day) and First 2-4 days of rash | contagoius

# Measles (Rubeola) - Infection when will maculopapular rash appear

Macoules papulo rash (appear in 14th day, may circulation antibody na sa body)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation fever, sneezing coughing runny nose, redness of eye, Koplik spots, and lymphopenia

Prodromal phase

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation what phase does koplik spot presents

prodormal phase

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation - found in mouth or mucosa - bucalmucosa opposite to molar - looks like a salt

Koplik spots

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation light pink maculopapular rash and coalesce to form blotches becoming brownish in 5-10 days

Rash

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation rash will be resolved throu desquamation

branny desquamation

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation COMPLICATIONS

- otitis media - pneumonia

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation enumerate the CNS complication

- Acute encephalitis - Postinfectious encephalomyelitis (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) - Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation Long term Complication

SUBACUTE SCLORSING PANCEPHALITIS (SSPE)

# Measles (Rubeola) - SUBACUTE SCLORSING PANCEPHALITIS (SSPE Generally develops **7 to 10 years** after a person has?

measles (even though the person seems to have fully recovered from the Illness.)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation A slow, but persistent. viral Infection caused by defective measles virus

SUBACUTE SCLEROSING PANENCEPHALITIS (SSPE)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation Risk of developing subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis may be higher for a person who gets

measles before they are **2 years of age**

# Measles (Rubeola) - Clinical Manifestation subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis are characterized by

- progressive mental deterioration - Involuntary movements - muscle rigidity and - possibly coma

# Measles (Rubeola) - Laboratory diagnosis enumerate

- RT-PCR - Culture: MKC, HKC, Lumphoblastoid cell lines (B95-a) - Shell vial culture - Serological test

# Measles (Rubeola) - Laboratory diagnosis CPE

multinucleated giant cell containing both intranuclear and intracytoplasmin inclusion bodies

# Measles (Rubeola) Treatment and Prevention

- Vitamin A - Ribarvin - Live attenuated measles vaccine

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention vaccine were available since

1963

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention vaccine were derived from?

Edmonston strain of measles virus

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention characteristic of edmosio strain

- Monovalent – alone, single - Combined – with live attenuated rubella

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella =

Measles and Rubella (MR)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella and mumps =

Rubella and Mumps (MMR)

# Measles (Rubeola) - Treatment and Prevention Edmosion strain of measles virus combined with Rubella and Varicella =

Varicella (MMRV)

# Measles (Rubeola) immunity

lifelon immunity

→ member of Togaviridae → sole member of Rubivirus

Rubella (German Measles or 3 day measles)

# Rubella Epidemiology

Worldwide distrubution

# Rubella - Infection TOF Compared with measles, rubella is more contagious

F (not that contagious)

# Rubella - Infection Acute febrile illness characterized by

rash & lymphadenopathy

# Rubella - Infection Early stages of pregnancy (<20 weeks)

congenital rubella syndrome (Teratogenic)

# Rubella - Infection incubatiobn period

12 days

# Rubella - Infection enumerate the viral replication

Replication in Upper Respiratory Tract → (inital dissemination – head and neck) Cervical lymphnode → Viremia → Antibody formation

# Rubella - Infection Rash will develop when antibody against the organism is available, what antibody

**T-cell** interaction = rash

# Rubella - Clinical manifestation enumerate

- Malaise, low grade fever - Morbilliform rash - Arthalgia and arthritis

# Rubella - Clinical manifestation Face then the rash will spread towards lower extremities

Morbilliform rash

# Rubella - Clinical manifestation what are the complication

- thrombocytopenic - purpura - encephalitis

# Rubella Immunity

Lifelong Immunity

# Rubella Enumerate the lab diagnosis

- RT-PCR - Culture: Monkey Kidney Cell and Rabbit cell lines - Shell vial culture - Rapid antigen detection kits - Serological test: Hemeagglutination inhibition and ELISA

# Rubella Treatment and Prevetion

- Supportive - Live attenuated mumps virus vaccine

what is one clinical manifestation mentioned for rubella

CONGENITAL RUBELLA

Infection during the 1st trimester of pregnancy

CONGENITAL RUBELLA

# Rubella what are the 3 classic triad for congenital rubella

- Cataract - Cardiac defects - Deafness

# Rubella Most common developmental manifestation can be mental retardation for congenital rubella if?

if microcephaly is present

# Rubella - CONGENITAL RUBELLA Treatment

- No specific treatment – supportive - Preventable with early vaccination Rubella

(2) Paramyxoviruses and Rubella Virus Flashcards

(121 cards)