(2) Opportunistic Mycoses Flashcards
1
Q
this is a NORMAL FLORA but it will infect u if ur immunocompromised
A
Oppurtunistic Mycoses
2
Q
Enumerate the Different type of oppurtunitis infections
A
- Candidiasis
- Cryptococcosis
- Aspergillosis
- Zygomycosis/mucormycosis
- Penicillosis
- Fusariosis
- Phaeohyphomycosis
- Pneumocystosis
3
Q
Enumerate the characteristic of oppurtunistic mycoses
A
- Normal Flora
- Affects immunocompromised person
- Acquired during CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, OR REMODELLING of buildings or are HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
4
Q
where can Candid Albicans be located
A
Normal flora: SKIN and MUCOUS MEMBRANE
(GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT)
5
Q
What are the produced yeast or hyphae in vivo for Candida albicans?
A
- Germ Tubes
- Chlamydospore
- Blastoconidia
- Pseudohyphae
- True Hyphae
6
Q
Candida albicans
it is produced when incubated at 35°C WITH
SERUM
A
Germ tube
7
Q
Candida albicans
Thick-walled RESTING OR SURVIVAL STRUCTURE
A
Chlamydospore
8
Q
Candida albicans
ASEXUAL SPORE formed by budding from the hyphae, yeast, and pseudohyphae
A
Blastoconidia
9
Q
Candida albicans
False hyphae formed by yeast cells budding that DO NOT SEPARATE
HAVECONSTRICTION between adjacent cells
A
Pseudohyphae
10
Q
Candida albicans
- Mycelial growth WITHOUT CONSTRICTION but WITH SEPTAE
- VEGETATIVE form
A
True hyphae
11
Q
Candida albicans
SUCROSE (+ or -), FEATHERING on ____
A
- +
- EMB
12
Q
Enumerate the Disease manifestation of Candida albicans
A
- Thrush
- Moniliasis
- Diaper rash
- Candidiasis
13
Q
Under the infection candidiasis of Candida albicans, what are the other inflammation it can cause
A
- Esophagitis
- Cheilitis
- Keratitis
- Onychomycosis
- Vulvovaginitis
14
Q
what are the infection classification of Candidiasis?
A
Cutaneous
15
Q
If the candidiasis affects the mucosa of the oropharyngeal, what appearance it gives?
A
creamy white patches
16
Q
Candidiasis can infect which system of the body
A
- Invasive-CNS
- Fungemia (circulation, will cause shock)
- DIssemindated DSE (sakit sa other organ system)
17
Q
what are the predesposing factors for Candida albicans
A
- Prolong antibiotic use or broadspectrum antibiotic (can affect the normal flora)
- pregnancy
- DM (Diabetes mellitus)
- Malnutrition
18
Q
What are the Screening and confirmatory test for Candida Albicans
A
- Germ tube test
- Chlamydospore on corn meal
19
Q
Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans
→ Organism + serum → incubate at 35°C for 2-3 hours
→ (+) for this test shows short hypha
A
Germ Tube Test
20
Q
what are the other Candida albican species that test positive for germ tube test
A
- Candida albicans
- Candida stellatoidea
- Geotrichum candidum
21
Q
Identify what lab diagnosis for C. albicans
→ Inoculate on corn meal
→ incubate at RT for 48-72 hours
→ (+) CHLAMYDOSPORE
A
Confirmatory test: CHLAMYDOSPORE on CORN MEAL
spherical with smooth surface
22
Q
what are the other candida spp. and give their affinity to what disease/organ
A
- Candida tropicalis - IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
- Candida glabrata - 2ND COMMON SPP
- Candida krusei - causes HEMATOLOGICAL disease
- Candida parapsilosis - cause ENDOCARDITIS
23
Q
After lab diagnosis
TOF
you can rule out vaginosis/trichomoniasis as long as the confirmatory test come out positive?
A
T
24
Q
identify the oppurtunistic mycoses
- Source: Pigeon droppings, soil
- Transmission: inhalation of airborne organism
- ENCAPSULATED YEAST CELL (India Ink)
A
Cryptococcus neoformans (Filobasidiella)
25
what are the disease manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans
Causes MENINGITIS, Torulosis, pneumonia
26
Lab diagnosis used for C. neoformans?
- India Ink prep
- latex agglutination
27
# Give the result for each biochemical test
Biochemical tests:
- INOSITOL
- UREASE
- NITRATE ASSIMILATION
- +
- +
- -
28
what agar are used for C. neoformans
(+) GROWTH ON **BIRDSEED AGAR** (assimilate *Creatinine*)
29
# C. neoformans
TOF
PHENOL OXIDASE (+), PHOSPHOLIPASE
| idk what this means im so sorry
EURT
30
describe the colony appearance of the C. neoformans
Yeast like, mucoid, cream to brown colony
31
10% KOH, India ink – for C. neoformans are used for what specimen
CSF, pulmonary tissue
32
When culturing the C. neoformans, what agar will be used
SDA (Saboraud dextrose agar) **w/o CYCLOHEXIMIDe**
33
Latex agglutination for C. neoformans detects?
Capsular Antigen
34
what are the treatment used for C. neoformans
**Amphoteracin B**, **fluconazole** (antifungal drugs)
35
# Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- Septate hyphae – present in nature (soil, plant, air)
- Dichotomous hyphae (tissue)
- Its mold form has Vesicles with conidia
Aspergillus
36
What are the Aspergillus spp mentioned
1. A. fumigatus
2. A. flavus
3. A. niger
37
Match the aspergillus to its description
1. A. fumigatus
2. A. flavus
3. A. niger
a. aflatoxin (toxicoses)
b. brown to black spore
c. fungus ball, aspergilloma, allergy
1. c
2. a
3. b
38
what is % of KOH are used for aspergillus and for what specimen
10% KOH – fluid, tissue, sputum
39
What culture medium are used of Aspergiullus
SDA (white, green, yellow, brown, black)
40
Ag detection serum of aspergillus are?
- **Galactomannan** - specific for aspergillosis
- **β-1,3-Glucan** – for fungi
41
# identify waht aspergillus spp
* Also known as **BREAD MOLD**
* Transmission: **inhalation** of airborne conidia
* Tissue: **dichotomously** branching hyphae
* Cause **Aspergilloma** (fungus balls), **otomycosis**
(fungus balls in the auditory canal)
Aspergillus fumigatus
42
What are the diseases assoc with Aspergillus spp.
- Disseminated infection
- Pulmonary or sinus fungus ball
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- External otomycosis and sinusitis
- Mycotic keratitis
- Onychomycosis
- Endocarditis
- CNS infection
43
# Identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
Agents/species that can cause the disease: **RHIZOPUS (roots), MUCOR( w/o roots), ABSIDIA**
Transmission: **inhalation** of airborne conidia/sporangiospores
Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
44
what is the tissue form of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
NONSEPTATE HYPHAE
45
most common disease among DM patients with Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
Rhinocerebral disease
46
if you inhaled the spore of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis what where it can manifest?
Lung or GIT diseases
47
what are the disease symptoms of Zygomycosis / Mucormycosis
Local tissue necrosis, invade arterial walls and penetrate periorbital tissues and cranial vault → **meningoencephalitis** and **cerebral infarctions** with arterial invasion and thrombosis
48
pls look over the transes for the morphologiies pics so u can understand it better
okay
49
# identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- Brush like conidiophore
- White to bluish green, yellow, brown colony
Penicillium
50
what Penicillium spp are emerging dimorphic pathogen infecting immunosuppressed individuals in SEA (southeast asia) particularly in a region in China
| The most important species under
penicillium
Penicillium marneffe
51
Mode of transmission and primary source is unknown for Penicillum, however there is a probable transmitter, what is it
| clue: burat
bamboo rat
52
what are the disease assoc. with penicillium
- Focal cutaneous or mucocutaneous infection
- Progressive, disseminated fatal infection
53
What manifestation does the penicillium shows
**Causes granulomatous**, **suppurative** (usually abscess, produces pus) and **necrotizing inflammation**
54
# identify waht oppurtunistic mycoses
- Sickle or canoe shaped, multiseptated macroconidia
- White, cottony to pink or purple colony
- Causative agent of fusariosis
- Hyaline, septate monomorphic molds
Fusarium
55
Disease manifestation of Fusarium
- Disseminated fusariosis with fungemia - necrotic skin lesions
- Sinusitis, wound (burn) infection
- Allergic fungal sinusitis and endophthalmitis
56
- Any infection caused by **dematiaceous** molds
- Dark color due to **melanin** production
- Humans and animals are **accidental** hosts
- Single-celled or multi-celled conidia
Phaeohyphomycosis
57
infection route for Phaeohyphomycosis can be in what way?
subcutaneous, localized, or
systemic
58
what are the disease manifestation under Phaeohyphomycosis
- Phaeohyphomycotic cysts,
- progressive soft tissue infection,
- brain abscess and neurologic manifestations,
- sinusitis,
- endocarditis,
- mycotic keratitis,
- pulmonary infection, and
- systemic infection
59
5 genera for Phaeohyphomycosis:
* A – ALTERNARIA
* B – BIPOLARIS
* C – CURVULARIA
* D – DRESCHLERA
* E – EXOPHIALA
60
what stain are used to detect melanization of Phaeohyphomycosis
Fontana-Masson stain
61
Phaeohyphomycosis culture of the specific etiologic agent is
necessary for
FINAL CONFIRMATION
62
Phaeohyphomycosis are also used for what studies?
Molecular studies
63
# identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
* Used to be considered as a Protozoan cyst
* NO ERGOSTEROL but cholesterol in cell membrane (atypical fungi)
* Transmitted person to person via airborne
particles
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
64
# identify what oppurtunistic mycoses
- No.1 cause of pneumonia in AIDS
- No.1 opportunistic infection in AIDs
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
65
enumerate the three life cycle of Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
* trophic form (trophozoite)
* sporozoite (precyst)
* ascus (cyst) which is the diagnostic form.
66
Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) causes what pneumonia
Causes **Pneumocystic (PCN) pneumonia**, and it
is **interstitial type of pneumonia**
67
what specimen used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
**Brochoalveolar lavage (BAL)**
best method for detection of P. jiroveci
68
what other method of isolation are used for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii)
* induced sputum
* tracheal aspirates
* pleural fluid
* transbronchial biopsy
* bronchial brushings
69
Nucleic acid-based testing for Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) uses what sample
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples
70
if u see this card
study the life cycle of JIROVECII
71
vegetative form of P. jiroveci
**Trophozoite**
- can go either **sexual** or **asexual** route
- usually haploid
72
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
If trophozoite goes to the sexual phase, the haploid trophozoite conjugates to another haploid trophozoite to form
diploid
73
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
It undergoes ____, and then mature into precyst which is the diploid zygote
conjugation
74
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
Diploid zygote will undergo?
undergo meiosis and mitosis
75
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
After mitosis it will form early cyst and will mature into?
mature cysts
76
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
mature cycst, will form?
**ascus** (DIAGNOSTIC
FORM OF P. JIROVECII)
77
# LIFE CYCLE OF JIROVECII
ascus will be?
Raptured and it will released the
**trophozoite** and go to the cycle another time
78
Enumerate Opportunistic fungi
| accding to table
* Aspergillus
* Candida spp
* Cryptococcus neoformans
79
# match
1. Moniliasis
2. Fungus balls
3. Rhinocerebral disease
4. Torulosis
5. Interstitial pneumonia
A. A. fumigatus
B. C. neoformans
C. C. albicans
D. Curvelaria spp
E. Mucormycosis
F. P. jirovecii
G. Penicillium
1. C
2. A
3. E
4. B
5. F
80
