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Myco-Viro > Introduction to Virology, Virus Striucture and Classification > Flashcards

Introduction to Virology, Virus Striucture and Classification Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Study of Virus

A

Virology

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2
Q

HIstorical Background

When and Where was the 1st written record of a virus infection

A
  • 1400 BC
  • Memphis, ancient Egypt’s
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2
Q

Historical Background

How was the 1st record of virus was written or recorded?

A

through a Hieroglyph

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3
Q

Historical Background

who was depicted in the 1st written record?

A

Depicting Siptah showing typical clinical signs of paralytic POLIOMYELITIS

Siptah - temple priest

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4
Q

Historical Background

First report of viral infection (identified because of hieroglyph)

A

Poliomyelitis

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5
Q

what system is attacked by the Poliomyelitis?

A

CNS

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6
Q

Historical Background

Pharoah Ramses V is believed to have died/ succumbed to smallpox

A

1196 BC

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7
Q

Historical Background - 1996 BC

Pharoah Ramses V is believed to have died/ succumbed to?

A

smallpox

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8
Q

Historical Background

who pharoah have died because of smallpox in 1196 BC?

A

Pharoah Ramses V

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9
Q

Historical Background

how was the smallpox was identified to be seen during 1196 BC?

hirap mag english sensha

A

COMPARISON of the pustular lesion on the face of the mummy to those of more recent patient of smallpox

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10
Q

Historical Background

what virus family smallpox came from?

A

POX VIRUS (Eradicated, but WHO has a copy)

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11
Q

Historical Background - 1000 BC

Smallpox was endemic in China, in response, the practice of ____________ was developed

A

Variolation – A form of vaccination

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12
Q

Historical Background

what and when was the 1st attempt to vaccination?

A
  • Variolation
  • 1000 BC
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13
Q

Historical Background

how was variolation was made?

A

Crusted and powderized and was inhaled

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14
Q

Historical Background - 1000BC

TOF

BUT this was not completed proven that it came from smallpox virus (lack of documentation)

A

T

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15
Q

Historical Background

when was the vaccination James Phipps (8-yr old) using cowpox infected material of Sarah Nemes (milkmaid)

A

May 14, 1796

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16
Q

Historical Background

who received the vaccination during May 14, 1796 and where did the infected material came from?

A
  • James Phipps (8-yr old)
  • Sarah Nemes
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17
Q

Historical Background

the vaccination experiment on may 14, 1796 was headed by?

A

Edward Jenner

it was through injecting, different from variolation

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18
Q

Historical Background

when was Edward Jenner challenged the boy by deliberately inoculating him with material from a real case of small pox

A

July 1, 1796

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19
Q

Historical Background - association

what materials were used?
May 14 , 1796 :
July 1, 1798 :

A

May 14 , 1796 :: infected material from a milkmaid (Sarah Nemes)
July 1, 1796 :: Inoculated virus from a real case of small pox

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20
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF
Obligate Extracellular Parasites

A

F (Intracellular)

Genetic elements that can replicate only inside a living cell

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21
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

Possess their own genomes

A

T

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22
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

grow in artificial culture media (In vitro)

A

F (can be in vivo by using cell culture, chick embryo, animlas; live animals)

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23
Q

General Characteristic of Virus

TOF

Largest infectious units

A

F (Small)

20 –300 nm in diameter

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24
# General Characteristic of Virus TOF Brightfield microscopy is required
F (Electron)
25
# General Characteristic of Virus Most Imporatant characteristic; They cannot exist, survive, and proliferate outside a living host cell
Being **Obligate Intracellular Parasites**
26
# General Characteristic of Virus DNA Smallest and largest animal Virus
Parvovirus and Poxvirus
27
# Viral Components Viral Components of VIRUS
1. Nucleic Acid Genome 2. Capsid (protein coat)
28
# Capsid Capsid + genome =
Nucelocapsid (Virion)
29
# Viral Components made up of protein that protect viral genome
Capsid
30
# Viral Components covers the nucleic acid genome and protects it against adverse condition
Capsomeres
31
# Viral Components Repeating structural subunits used in capsid?
Capsomeres
32
# Viral Components what is used for envelope from the host cell membrane as a viral component?
Glycoprotein Spike
33
# Capsid who have and does not contain an envelope?
Naked Capsid (no envelope) Enveloped Capsid (Has envelope)
34
# Naked Capsid main component?
Protein
35
# Naked capsid - Properties Environmentally STABLE to?
- Temperature - Acid - Proteases - Detergents - Drying | Released from cell by lysis
36
# Naked capsid - Properties TOF Cannot dry out and will not retain infectivity
F (it can be dry but still infective)
37
# Naked capsid - Properties TOF Can be spread easily
T (on fomites, from hand to hand, by dust, by small droplets)
38
# Naked capsid - Properties TOF Can survive the adverse conditions of the gut
T
39
# Naked capsid - Properties TOF Can be resistant to detergents and poor sewage treatmen
T
40
# Naked capsid - Properties TOF Antibody may be not sufficient for immunoprotection
F
41
# Enveloped Capsid components?
- Membrane Lipids - Proteins - Glycoproteins
42
# Enveloped Capsid TOF Environmentally LABILE-disrupted
T
43
# Enveloped Capsid Cannot be digested by Acid, Detergents, Drying, Heat
F (Can be)
44
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF modifies cell membrane during replication
T
45
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF Release by badding and cell lysis
F (Budding)
46
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF Must stay WET to retain infectivity
T
47
# Enveloped Capsid - properties how is the enveloped capsid spread?
- Large Droplets - Sectretion - Organ Transplant - Blood transfusion
48
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF can survive the harsh environment of GI Tract
F
49
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF Need to kill the cell to spread
F (does not need)
50
# Enveloped Capsid - properties TOF May need antibody AND cell-mediated immune response for protection and control
T
51
# Enveloped Capsid - properties Elicits ____________ and ____________ to cause immunopathogenesis
- Hypersensitivity - Inflammation
52
# Viral Symmetry / Shape what are the nucleoplasid structure?
- Icosahedral structure (cubic) - Helical structure (also appears as spiral) - Complex structure (seen in Poxviridae)
53
# Viral Symmetry / Shape onsisting of identical subunits that make up equilateral triangles that are in turn arranged in a symmetrical fashion
Icosahedral
54
# Viral Symmetry / Shape Protomers not grouped in capsomeres but bound to form a ribbon-like structure
Helical
55
# Viral Symmetry / Shape nucleic acid surrounded by a hollow protein cylinder or capsid and possessing a helical structure
Helical
56
# Viral Symmetry / Shape Viruses that do not fit the first two groups
Complex structure
57
# Viral Symmetry / Shape Exhibited by poxvirus and rhabdovirus
Complex Structure
58
Enumerate Viral Multiplication Cycle | kabisaduhin - VERY DEMURE
1. Adsorption 2. Penetration 3. Uncoating 4. Synthetic Phase 5. Viral Assembly 6. Release
59
# Viral Multiplication Cycle The viruses are very specific therefore, they have to recognize first the host cell with which they have a receptor for and then, it will undergo attachment with it.
Adsorption | recognition and attachment
60
# Viral Multiplication Cycle what is the important component for cell adhesion?
Cell Adhesion Molecules
61
# Viral Multiplication Cycle - Adsorption Taken advantage by virus has glycoprotein | glycoprotein - capsulated
Cell Adhesion Molecules
62
# Viral Multiplication Cycle - Adsorption Enumerate the Attachment Exemption Examples:
- Poliovirus - Immunoglobulin - HIV - CD4+ Cells - Influenza - Sialic acid (epithelial cell surface-exposed sialic acid receptors ) - Covid-19 - Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) - Epstein-Barr virus - C3D
63
# Viral Multiplication Cycle After it has attached, it should try to enter the host cell
Penetration
64
# Viral Multiplication Cycle - Penetration Naked :: Enveloped ::
Naked :: Direct Penetration Envelopped :: Usually Endocystosis or Cytoplasmic Vacouole
65
# Viral Multiplication Cycle When it has already penetrated the host cell, it will undergo?
Uncoating
66
# Viral Multiplication Cycle removal of nuceleoplasid to remove the lipid envelope by lysis or dissociation
Uncoating
67
# Viral Multiplication Cycle It will take over the nuclei of the host cell and it will dictate the metabolic processes of the cell.
Synthetic Phase
68
# Viral Multiplication Cycle - Synthetic Phase DNA :: RNA ::
DNA :: Multiplies or assemble in nucleus RNA :: Cytoplasm
69
# Viral Multiplication Cycle in synthetic phase the genome is produced in?
Nucleus
70
# Viral Multiplication Cycle in synthetic phase the viral proteins are produced in the
cytoplasm
71
# Viral Multiplication Cycle The protein component will assemble with the gene component.
Viral Assembly
72
# Viral Multiplication Cycle in releasing the virus, how it is for naked and enveloped?
Naked - lysis ; Enveloped - budding (ikaw) & lysis
73
Virus categories:
- 6 Orders (name ending in -virales) - 87 Families (-viridae) - 19 Subfamilies (-virinae) - 348 Genera (-virus) - 2290 Specie
74
who came up with the viral classification?
ICVT (International Committee on Viral Taxonomy)
75
4 Major Properties of Vriuses
- Types of Nucleic Acid - Symmetry and Shape of the Capid - Presence or Absence of Envelope - Size of the Virus Particle
76
DNA Viruses | Clue: HHHAPPPY
- Herpesviridae - Hepadnaviridae - Hepatoviridae - Adenoviridae - Parvoviridae - Poxviridae - PaPoVaviridae
77
# Rule: DNA viruses what are the rules?
- All are DS DNA - All Multiply in nucleus - All are icosahedral - All are enveloped
78
# Rule: DNA viruses All are DS DNA except
PARVOVIRIDAE
79
# Rule: DNA viruses All multiply in nucleus except
POXVIRIDAE
80
# Rule: DNA viruses All are icosahedral except
POXVIRIDAE (complex)
81
# Rule: DNA viruses All are enveloped except
**PAP** (PaPoVaviridae, Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae
82
# RNA VIRUS POSITIVE SENSE | Clue: Call Pico and Flavi To Come Right
- Calciviridae - Picornaviridae - Flavaviridae - Togaviridae - Coronaviridae - Retroviridae
83
# RNA VIRUS what are the shape of positive sense
Icosahedral
84
# RNA VIRUS Negative Sense | Clue: Pairing Of File Rats at Bunny’s Area
- Paramyxoviridae - Orthomyxoviridae - Filoviridae - Rhaboviridae - Bunyaviridae - Arenaviridae
85
# RNA VIRUS what are the shape of a negative sense?
Helical
86
What are the rules for RNA viruses
1. All are SS RNA 2. All are enveloped 3. All are non-segmented 4. Generall helical
87
# Rule: RNA viruses All are SS RNA except
REOVIRIDAE
88
# Rule: RNA viruses All are enveloped except
PCR (Picornaviridae, Calciviridae, Reoviridae
89
# Rule: RNA viruses All are non-segmented except
ROBA (Reoviridea, Orthomyxoviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae)
90
# RNA viruses generally helical except?
positive sense RNA viruses
91
Biggest and Smallest RNA
- Paramyxoviridae (biggest) - Enteroviridae (smallest)
92
if u see this card
kindlyt go to trnases and check why negative sense need to be converted to positive sense

Myco-Viro (25 decks)

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