GIT Viruses Flashcards by Geno Alinsub

The three (3) most common causes of non-inflammatory
of diarrhea

Rotavirus
Adenovirus
Norwalk Virus

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what does it mean by non-inflammatory diarrhea?

does not contain blood in the stool (along with vomiting, fever, and possible dehydration)

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common in infants and toddlers, with a geographic predilection of daycare schools

Rotavirus

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incubation period lasts for 1 to 3 days and the infection may last 5 to 7 days

Rotavirus

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common in younger kids
Incubation may last 7 to 8 days with the infection lasting up to a week

Adenovirus

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most common in older kids
incubation period of 24 to 48 hours and an infection that may last 12 to 60 hour

Norwalk virus

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TOF

Astroviruses do cause viral gastroenteritis, however, it is the least common.

True

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Enumerate the characteristic of Calciviridae

Icosahedral ( 27-40nm in diameter, with cup like depression on capsid structure)
ssRNA
Naked (uneveloped)
Linear
Positive Sense
Non-segmented

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What are the genera under the Calciviridae

Sapovirus
Norovirus
Lagovirus
Vesivirus

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what are the 2 genera that cannot be cultured under calciviruses?

Sapovirus and Norovirus

Norwalk virus for Norovirus

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Most common genera undere the Calciviridae and give the genome group associated with Human Gastroenteritis

3 yung genome groups

G-I
G-II
G-IV

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Calciviridae

Since 2001, ____ has caused the greatest number of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis worldwide

G-II.4

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TOF
Similar with the influenza virus, Calciviridae are capable of having
an antigenic shift

F (drift - minor mutation only)

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A prototype of the genera norovirus

Norwalk Virus

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Calciviridae

The most important cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis in adults

Norwalk Virus

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Epidemic viral gastroenteritis of norwalk virus is then characterized by?

Absence of bacterial pathogens in culture
Rapid onset and recovery with mild systemic signs
Spreads rapidly with no predilection in terms of age or geography

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Norwalk Virus

Incubation period and Mode of transmission

24 to 48 hours
Fecal-oral-spread

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Norwalk Virus

MOT are associated with?

water-borne
food-borne
shellfish vectors

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Norwalk Virus

Clinical Manifestation

diarrhea
nausea
vomiting (N/V)
low grade fever
abdominal cramps
headache
malaise which may last for 12 to 16 hours

May lead to dehydration as a risk for complication

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Norwalk Virus

Another characteristic that contributes to the virus being the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis is that its?

infectious dose is very low

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Norwalk Virus

shed in the viral shedding of the can last for how many months?

one (1) month

even if you are only a carrier, the virus will still shed within you for one month

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Norwalk Virus

The virus can also withstand hasher environments such as?

chlorinated water at 10 ppm
warmed food kept at 60 ‘C

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Norwalk Virus

It was also mentioned that the Norwalk virus can be found within ____ and ____ that were cooked with steam only

Clue: A vector for MOT

shellfish and crustaceans

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what culture medium are used for Norwalk VIrus?

NONE BITCH IT CANNOT BE CULTURED

nako nako

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# Norwalk Virus Detecion specimen

feces and vomitus

# Norwalk Virus Treatment and Prevention

- Supportive - Handwashing

The least common cause of viral gastroenteritis

ASTROVIRUSES

Enumerate the characteristic of Astroviridae

- Icosahedral, 28-30nm in diameter, with ** star-like morphology** - ssRNA - Linear - Positive Sense - Naked - Non-segmented

# Astroviridae Replication

Cytoplasm

# Astroviridae Genera

Mamastrovirus and Avastrovirus

# Astroviridae Mode of Transmission

Fecal-oral route

# Astroviridae All human viruses causing gastrointestinal infections are classified under the genera?

Mamastrovirus (specific to Human)

Enumerate the Characteristic of Adenovirus

- **Icosahedral** 70 90nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres - dsDNA - Linear - Naked

# Adenoviridae - Replication - Reservoir - MOT

- Nucleus - Ubiquitous in humans and animals - Respiratory, fecal-oral, direct contact

# Adenovirus the shape of the virus helps in the attachment of the virus to the host cell are called?

protrusions

greek word "adenas" means

gland

what origin does the Adenoviridae replicate in the nucleus of cells?

Epithelial origin ## Footnote responsible for transmission through respiratory droplets, fecal-oral, and even direct contac

# Adenoviridae First, the virus will ____ to the cell via its fiber receptors which are the protrusion in the virion

Attach

# Adenoviridae second it will be internalized within the?

host cell endosome

# Adenoviridae what triggers the rapid shedding?

Acidic pH | this results to the releas of the viron

# Adenovirus What replication process consists of the transcription and translation of the early genes and regulatory early proteins

early phase

# Adenoviridae What replication process Transcription and translation of late genes and proteins

Late phase

# Adenoviridae what happens after the replication process?

- Assembly to form a mature virus - Lysis of the cell for release

# Adenoviridea this part of virulence factor prevents interferons

viral association RNA (VA-RNA)

# Adenoviridae this part of virulence factor inhibits the action of the CD8+ T cells of cytolysis

adenovirus E3 region

# Adenovirus CPE: Marked rounding, enlargement and aggregation of affected cells resulting to

grape-like clusters | not pathognomonic

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease) peaks during what season?

spring and winter | less common than influenza

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease what are the respiratory disease involved?

Acute Respiratory Disease and Pneumonia

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease Infants and children are affected by what group

group C viruses, types **1,2 and 5**

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease adolescents are affected by what group

group C viruses, types **3, 4, and 7**

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease what type are capable of causing pneumonia in childhood

Types 3,7, and 21

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease **Epidemic forms** of the disease are usually caused by what type?

**types 4, and 7 with the occasional type 3**

# Adenoviruses - Respiratory Disease what are the population at risk with the epidemic form

- Children - Young military Recruits - College Students

# Adenoviruses Also known as the **swimming pool conjunctivitis** or **pink eye** with the involvement of the upper respiratory tract

Pharyngoconjunctivitis

# Adenoviruses - Pharyngoconjunctivitis The site of the infection is in the

pharynx with conjunctivitis

Clinical manifestations of pharyngoconjunctivitis

- Fever - Sore throat - Coryza - Red eyes

# Adenoviruses - Pharyngoconjunctivitis which means that it does not produce discharge apart from having watery eyes

Non-purulent conjunctivitis

# Adenoviruses - Pharyngoconjunctivitis Duration lasts for

1 to 2 weeks

# Adenoviruses - More common in adults and is highly contagious - Commonly known as the sore eyes.

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis

# Adenoviruses - Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis what types are caused by this?

types 8, 19 and 27

# Adenoviruses - Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Presents initially as conjunctivitis which will be followed by?

keratitis | KERATITIS?!

# Adenoviruses - Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Resolves within ?

2 weeks

# Adenoviruses More common in daycare facilities which mainly cater to children

infantile Gastroenteritis

# Adenoviruses - Infantile Gastroenteritis TOF Less common as compared to the same disease caused by rotaavirus

False (rotavirus) | not a typo dumbo

# Adenoviruses - Infantile Gastroenteritis caused by what type?

types 40 and 41

# Adenoviruses * Infects the genitourinary tract. * More common in boys 5 to 15 years of age.

Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis

# Adenoviruses - Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis Manifests as?

dysuria and hematuria | pain while urinating; blood in urine

# Adenoviruses Specimen

- respiratory sample - conjunctival swab - throat swab - stool - urine

# Adenoviruses Cell culture

- primary human embryonic kidney cell - human epithelial cell lines such as the Hep-2, Hela and KB cell

# Adenoviruses Detection

- Hemagglutinin-inhibition test - Neutralization test - PCR - Serological test

# Adenoviruses Treatment and Prevention

- Supportive - Live non-attenuated vaccine

The ideal cell culture media for adenovirus

human embryonic kidney cell | HOWEVER, human epithelial cell lines = more sensitive

hep hep

hooray

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