10-1 (8.17.16)

Question 1

cartilage is a/vascular

Answer 1

A

Question 2

one type of cartilage is found on “” surface

Answer 2

articular

Question 3

dif bt chondroblast and cyst

Answer 3

blast = immature, developing cartilage cell

cyst = mature

Question 4

3 cartilage types

Answer 4

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 5

which type of cartilage is the most common

Answer 5

hyaline

Question 6

fibrocartilage is fortified with what AND type #

Answer 6

collagen type 1

Question 7

fibrocartilage is found where “” is needed

Answer 7

strength

Question 8

50% of bone matrix is organic/in

Answer 8

organic

Question 9

osteoclast is a type of (giant/tiny) cell

Answer 9

giant

Question 10

how does OB become OC

Answer 10

osteoblast secretes osteoid -> OB entrapped in matrix = osteocyte

Question 11

define osteoid

Answer 11

bone matrix

Question 12

via appearance, how to tell apart OC and OB

Answer 12

OC has ruffled border

Question 13

Around time of “”, secondary ossification centers appear in body

Answer 13

birth

Question 14

in the long bones, a region of growing cartilage remains bt “” and “” -> this is called

Answer 14

epiphyses (end) and diaphysis (middle)

epiphyseal plate

Question 15

when bone replaces cartilage this is “” ossification

Answer 15

endochondral

Question 16

secondary bone = two configurations

Answer 16

compact

spongy

Question 17

nicknames for compact (1)

”” for spongy (2)

Answer 17

compact: cortical
spongy: trabecular, cancellous

Question 18

spongy is found where on the bone

Answer 18

on the ends of bone

Question 19

Haversian system is only seen in “” bone

purpose

Answer 19

compact

unit of compact bone organization

Question 20

Haversian canal contains what

Answer 20

vessels and nerves

Question 21

3 main types of muscle

Answer 21

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 22

REL of muscle and sarcolemma

Answer 22

1 muscle fiber is bound by S (plasma membrane)

Question 23

A myofibril is made of “”

Answer 23

Series of sarcomere

Question 24

What gives muscle its striated appearance

Answer 24

Sarcomere

Question 25

Where is actin and myosin myofilaments found

Answer 25

In sarcomere

Question 26

Match: thin thick actin myosin

Answer 26

Thin – actin

Question 27

Define T tubule | -plain def

Answer 27

Extension of sarcolemma into fiber at Z line of sarcomere

Question 28

SR def

Answer 28

Site of Ca release for

Question 29

which mec of Ca release is imp in cardiac muscle

Answer 29

Ca-induced Ca release

Question 30

ATP is required for uptake of Ca by pumps in ""

Answer 30

SR

Question 31

muscle cell backup system for supplying ATP

Answer 31

phosphocreatine + ADP -> ATP + creatine

Question 32

define rigor mortis

Answer 32

ATP stores are depleted -> muscles are fixed in contracted state (no ATP to release myosin heads)

Question 33

dif bt isoMETRIC and isoTONIC

Answer 33

met - generate tension; no change in length ton - shorten muscle; no change in load

Question 34

series elastic component causes what

Answer 34

delay between AP and tension/shortening of muscle

Question 35

series elastic component promotes what kind of muscle movement

Answer 35

smooth mov

Question 36

speed of isotonic depends on

Answer 36

load being moved

Question 37

read: at max load, all crossbridges will be holding load, SO NONE avail for movem

Answer 37

-

Question 38

single AAP produces single ""

Answer 38

twitch

Question 39

train of AP at high freq (another name) produces

Answer 39

temporal summation produces tetanus

Question 40

"" is caused by accumulation of IC Ca

Answer 40

temporal summation

Question 41

motor unit def

Answer 41

1 motor neuron | all muscle fibers that it innervates

Question 42

def spatial summation how does it occur

Answer 42

recruitment of many motor units BY increase stimulus strength

Question 43

name 2 sensory receptors

Answer 43

muscle spindle golgi tendon organ

Question 44

arrangement of intrafusal & extrafusal

Answer 44

intrafusal in parallel with EM

Question 45

i/extrafusal fibers produce force

Answer 45

extrafusal

Question 46

muscle spindle is e/i

Answer 46

intrafusal

Question 47

muscle spindle purpose

Answer 47

report muscle length AND rate of muscle stretch

Question 48

When muscle CONTRACTS, spindles become (taut/slack) THEN

Answer 48

slack efferent input says "shorten" to remain responsive

Question 49

Golgi tendon organ (what...aka where)

Answer 49

bare nerve endings in tendon, near where tendon connects to muscle

Question 50

Golgi TO purp

Answer 50

report muscle force

Question 51

Pathway of Golgi TO

Answer 51

muscle contract -> tension in tendon changes GTO -> AP to brain

Question 52

Cardiac cells are striated (YES/NO)

Answer 52

yes

Question 53

REL of myosin, actin, ATP

Answer 53

ATP binds to myosin -> myosin and actin separate

Question 54

normal mode of contraction of skeletal muscle is a tetanus (YES or NO)

Answer 54

NO

Question 55

Most of Ca for smooth muscle comes from SR (yes or no)

Answer 55

NO read: comes from outside the cell

Question 56

binding of "" to HCN channel causes channel to open at LESS "" voltages in this case, get higher frequency of AP

Answer 56

cAMP negative

Question 57

how does NE speed the heart

Answer 57

bind to beta adrenergic R activate G protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP

Question 58

parasympathetic example: "" released by vagus nerve SLOWS the heart by what

Answer 58

ACh prolonging pacemaker potential phase

Question 59

ACh actiavtes "" R in SA node

Answer 59

muscarinic receptor