4-1 (8.9.16)

Question 1

The cytosol comprises % of cell V

Answer 1

50

Question 2

ER purpose

Answer 2

produces proteins and lipids

Question 3

ER enzyme example 1

Answer 3

ER enzymes use fatty acids to make phospholipids -> these are transferred to inner surface by scramblase

Question 4

Describe docking + fusing of vesicle

Answer 4

dock means tethering protein binds to Rab protein; to fuse membranes, v-snare and t-snare wrap

Question 5

forward or backward transport

-for what vesicle

Answer 5

for COP coated vesicle; F means ER-cis-medial-trans Golgi; B means opp

Question 6

some endocytosed stuff pass unchaged thru cell, what is this called

Answer 6

transcytosis

Question 7

thing about lysosome membrane

Answer 7

are glyco-sylated to prevent digestion by protease

Question 8

lysosome contains enzymes that do what

Answer 8

break down stuff

Question 9

lysosome pH is maintained via what (give one ex)

Answer 9

proton pumps (ATP synthase in reverse)

Question 10

describe the modification of lysosomal enzymes

Answer 10

accumulation of lysosomal enzymes CONVERTS endosome into lysosome

Question 11

define DNA

Answer 11

polymer of nucleotides

Question 12

eukaryote vs prokaryotic DNA

Answer 12

eu means DNA is linear; pro means DNA is circular

Question 13

what other things contain circular DNA

Answer 13

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 14

DNA is made of what bases; what are the two types; how are they paired

Answer 14

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine; purine (A,G) pyrimidine (C,T,U)

Question 15

how is DNA dif from RNA

Answer 15

RNA contains uracil instead of thymine

Question 16

define nucleoside

Answer 16

base with pentose sugar

Question 17

DNA vs RNA in terms of ribose

Answer 17

DNA = base and deoxyribose; RNA = same and ribose

Question 18

how are nucleotides joined together; describe the bond

Answer 18

phospho-di-ester bond; bond attaches 3’ carbon of one ribose to 5’ of next ribose

Question 19

how do you distinguish bt 5’ and 3’ end (in terms of group)

Answer 19

5’ has free phosphate group; 3’ end has free hydroxyl group

Question 20

DNA is synthesized in what direction

Answer 20

5 to 3

Question 21

what is used to restrict replication of cancer

Answer 21

nucleoside analog

Question 22

give the principle of nucleoside analog; give specific example

Answer 22

lack a 3’ hydroxyl group; AZT, which has N3

Question 23

What’s the rule that says 1 to 1 ratio of pyrimidine to purine

Answer 23

Chargaff’s rule

Question 24

two strands are coiled around a common axis called

Answer 24

axis of symmetry

Question 25

what is the role of grooves

Answer 25

provide loading dock for DNA binding regulatory protein

Question 26

what are the dif structural forms of DNA

Answer 26

A means salt B means chromosomal Z means rare

Question 27

if DNA is stretched out it is x m long

Answer 27

1 meter

Question 28

telo vs centro-mere

Answer 28

T is DNA near end of chromosome; C is near center of chrom

Question 29

polymerase purpose

Answer 29

synthesize complementary sequence of each strand

Question 30

look at outline

Answer 30

n/a

Question 31

ssDNA is destroyed via enzyme

Answer 31

nuclease

Question 32

new strand is formed by what enzyme

Answer 32

DNA polymerase

Question 33

primase function; then function of product (involved in prokyarotic DNA replication)

Answer 33

makes RNA primer; this pairs to DNA template

Question 34

define primosome (prokaryotic DNA replication)

Answer 34

protein complex that displaces any proteins that have bound to unwound SS template like SSB

Question 35

describe DNA polymerase III (prok DNA replication)

Answer 35

DNA synthesis and mismatch repair

Question 36

Read: CFTR are either broken down or ""

Answer 36

n/a

Question 37

Peroxisomes rely on a chemical to do its work

Answer 37

H peroxide

Question 38

Peroxisome enzyme is; jobs

Answer 38

catalase; #1. inactivates toxic stuff by oxidizing them #2. breaks down excess H peroxide

Question 39

how are alcohol and drugs detoxified in the liver

Answer 39

catalase oxidizes them using H peroxide

Question 40

Peroxisome precursor vesicles arise from where

Answer 40

RER

Question 41

nickname for citric acid cycle

Answer 41

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 42

"" thru ATP synthase to ""

Answer 42

IMM thru ATP synthase to matrix

Question 43

describe what a SNARE looks like

Answer 43

straight line

Question 44

describe REL bt Golgi and ER

Answer 44

ER to Golgi

Question 45

Order thru which vesicles pass thru Golgi

Answer 45

cis, medial, trans

Question 46

role of Dynamin

Answer 46

cause the coated pit to pinch off to form coated vesicle

Question 47

Golgi products are stored as what

Answer 47

secretory vesicles

Question 48

read: co-translational entry into ER is entry into ER as translation is occuring

Answer 48

n/a

Question 49

transmembrane proteins have a signal called; purpose of it

Answer 49

stop transfer signal; discharge protein into membrane

Question 50

exo vs endo nuclease

Answer 50

exo removes nucleotides at end of DNA; endo removes nt from middle

Question 51

- telomere is rich in what base - function of telomere - telomerase - -kind of transcriptase - -kind of template - -function

Answer 51

- DNA that is G rich (found on end of DNA) - protects ssDNA from nuclease - reverse transcriptase with RNA template, used to base pair with telomere

Question 52

how does UV light affect genes

Answer 52

UV light -> dimerization of pyrimidines (CT) -> interfere with gene expression

Question 53

what's the protective reasoning behind nucleoside analog?

Answer 53

nucleotide lacks 3' OH group -> phosphodiester bond cannot be added -> DNA strand cannot be elongated

Question 54

Read: prokaryotes are simple things therefore they use one enzyme for multiple functions, to save energy its DNA polymerase ALSO does the work of an exonuclease

Answer 54

-

Question 55

AT CG | which is 2 H bonds? which is 3?

Answer 55

AT - 2 | CG - 3