1-1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

1
Q

Fast responsepathway is called

A

Sympatho-adrenal pathway

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2
Q

Fast response (3 things that happen to body)

A

Dilate pupils; Constrict blood vessels (GI tract & skin); Dilate blood vessels (skeletal muscles)

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3
Q

Slow response

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

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4
Q

Positive short term effects of cortisol

A

1. Mobilize energy reserves (increase glucose and fatty acid release)

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5
Q

Chronic cortisol leads to what about blood vessels

A

up stiffness

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6
Q

% of GDP healthcare NOW

$$ per capita NOW

A

20%

$10,000

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7
Q

What are the 3 spheres where Americans get care?

A
#1. Popular = treatment which is community based (fam) 
#2. Folk = ethnic/religious healers 
#3. Professional
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8
Q

Gov insurance % of US pop

A

30%

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9
Q

Triple aim is

A
  1. up experience of care
  2. up pop health
  3. down cost
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10
Q

All country’s systems have (2 things)

A
  • comprehensive

- similar salaries for all docs

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11
Q

Canadian health system: all medically necessary care provided WITHOUT “”

A

Co-pays

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12
Q

2 features of patient centered med home

A
  • personal doc

- whole person orientation

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13
Q

RI’s unemployment rate %

A

7

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14
Q

RI ranks # for % of children living in poverty

US average

A

Rank in 20s

20s

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15
Q

RI ranks best in what (2 things)

A

Ranks #1 for immunization among children

Ranks #1 for im. Among teens

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16
Q

3 priorities of RI DOH

A
#1. Address social determ
#2. Eliminate health disparities 
#3. Ensure access to care
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17
Q

name of proposed solution (geographic areas)

A

Health equity zone

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18
Q

Many states are showing (up/down) in childhood obesity

A

Down

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19
Q

Obesity is BMI over #

A

30

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20
Q

Aging pyramid trend

1980 to now

A

Before: base is young
Now: the base balloons up, so that the end result is an upside down heart

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21
Q

example of Polysaccharide

A

amylose starch

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22
Q

Carbs (3 types)

A

Mono-saccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharide

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23
Q

examples of lipids (2)

A

fatty acid

acyl-glycerol (triglyceride)

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24
Q

fatty acid principle things (chemically)

A

methyl group on one end

carboxyl group on other

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25
types of lipids
FA acylglycerol sphingo-lipid steroid
26
amino acids consist of
amino + carboxylic acid groups
27
nitrogen containing comp (list them)
``` #1 AA #2 purine, pyri-midine, pyri-dine #3 nucleoside #4 nucleotide ```
28
# define nucleoside tide
side = nitrogen containing ring plus sugar, like ribose tide = nucleoSIDE with a phosphate attached to the sugar
29
list AA that are essential
I like light that tries making home very pretty ``` isoleucine leucine lysine threonine tryptophan methionine histidine valine phenylalanine ```
30
during a 24 hr fast, energy needs are met by
- consumption of liver glycogen | - conversion of protein to glucose via gluconeogenesis
31
during longer periods of fasting, remaining energy needs are supplied by
- production of ketone bodies from fatty acids | - by muscle protein, which is a substrate for gluconeogenesis
32
3 ways metabolic regulation is done
- availability of substrates - covalent modification of enzymes - altered synthesis/breakdown of enzymes
33
"" is the primary storage form of carb in plants
starch
34
soluble fiber "" (slows/fasts) digestion
slows
35
source of insoluble | soluble
insoluble - bran - whole grain soluble -pectin-containing foods (fruit, legume)
36
define glycemic index
blood glucose response to a carb
37
what is the primary utility of GI
predict glucose response in ppl with diabetes
38
adj essential means
must be acquired thru diet
39
Total energy expenditure =
Resting energy expenditure (60%) + thermic effect of food + calories expended in physical activity
40
Thermic effect of food = what
10%(TEE)
41
Body water makes up ?/70 kg male
40 kg
42
If a person of normal weight has free access to water BUT nothing to eat, how long can they survive?
2 month
43
Mono-saccharides (3 things)
Glucose Fructose Galactose
44
Glucose dietary source (2) Fructose dietary source (2)
Fruits Corn syrup Fruit High fructose corn syrup
45
Galactose dietary source
Milk
46
Why is galactose weird
Not found free in nature
47
What are the di-saccharides
Sucrose Lactose Maltose
48
Define glycemic index
Area under the curve Blood sugar over time after you consume something
49
The more saturated, the “” the melting temp
Higher
50
# Define trans fat - un/sat | - contains (cis/trans) (iso/poly) fatty acid
Unsaturated fat that contain trans isomer fatty acids
51
Trans fat pro (2)
1) less prone to oxidation | 2) higher burning temp
52
the force that moves water (to side with more solutes) is called
osmotic pressure
53
water req #
1 mL / 1 Cal
54
read: reduce water loss by keeping wet clothes close to skin
-
55
pH equation
-log [H+]
56
normal blood pH
7.4
57
define acid | base
a = donate H base = accept H
58
Ka denotes what
tendency of acid to dissociate and donate H
59
lower the pKa...what
lower the pKa, the greater the tendency for the acid to dissociate/stronger the acid
60
greatest increase in blood sugar when eat what kind of food
complex