5-1 (8.10.16)

Question 1

define cytoskeleton

• def

- euk or pro

Answer 1

protein framework extending thru cytosol

euk

Question 2

order lengths (short to long)

Answer 2

short: actin
intermediate filament
long: microtubule

Question 3

what protein cross links IMF, MT, A

Answer 3

P-LECTIN

Question 4

”” binds to actin monomers to prevent assembly until filaments are needed

”” proteins (AND nickname) promote assembly

Answer 4

monomer-sequestering protein

nucleating proteins
ARP complexes

Question 5

myosin # occurs in all cells and has one head domain and tail

Answer 5

1

Question 6

REL between myosin and actin

Answer 6

Myosin moves along actin TOWARD plus end.

Question 7

myosin # for muscle

Answer 7

2

Question 8

where else myosin 2 does its contracting thin

Answer 8

contractile bundles and ring

Question 9

what causes contraction of sarcomere

Answer 9

movement of myosin

Question 10

motor molecule, before it can walk, needs to

Answer 10

have its shape changed via hydrolysis of ATP

Question 11

K molecules (FC for name) move to +/- end of MT

what moves to OPP direction

Answer 11

KI-NESIN

+

DY-NEIN moves to MINUS end

Question 12

REL between K and myosin #

Answer 12

REL: similar structure

2

Question 13

K and D are motor molecules on what kind of (MT/actin/IMF)

Answer 13

MT

Question 14

what’s the dif bt D and K in terms of structure

Answer 14

K is taller

Question 15

head/tail of motor molecule binds to cargo

Answer 15

tail

Question 16

read: each step of K or D requires hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 16

-

Question 17

cilia’s beat does what

Answer 17

moves liquid over epithelia

Question 18

function of “” and “” spokes

converts “” “” into “” “”

Answer 18

Nexin; radial

convert doublet sliding into ciliary bending

Question 19

describe sliding doublet model

Answer 19

something changes about dynein arm -> DOUBLET walks -> nexin and radial spokes prevent from continuing

Question 20

describe primary cilia (structure, 2 things)

Answer 20

LACK dynein arms

don’t move

Question 21

describe primary cilia function

Answer 21

• imp in development

- in KIDNEY, are flow sensors

Question 22

dif bt taxol and VV

Answer 22

taxol binds to MT

VV binds to dimer

Question 23

listeria is acquired via (what health behavior)

Answer 23

food poisoning

Question 24

mec of listeria

Answer 24

listeria doesn’t have its own actin BUT it hijacks the host cell’s ARP complex for actin polymerization and uses this for movement

Question 25

read: immotile cilia syndrome may have situs inversus

Answer 25

-

Question 26

term for on belly

Answer 26

prone

Question 27

if you are moving up and down the body (head to toe direction), what TERM indicates toward head if you are moving from belly button to back, what TERM indicates the back

Answer 27

superior dorsal

Question 28

how do you make a sagittal cut

Answer 28

person is laying on his stomach | you take a knife and chop him right down his spine, separating the left and right sides of him

Question 29

above the diaphragm is what | below

Answer 29

above - thorax | below - abdomen

Question 30

name of the model of membrane

Answer 30

fluid mosaic

Question 31

list transport mec across mem (3)

Answer 31

1) diffusion 2) diffusion thru ion channels 3) carrier mediated - facilitated diffusion - coupled carrier - active (pumps)

Question 32

diffusion is only useful physiologically over what

Answer 32

very short distance

Question 33

rate of diffusion is proportional to

Answer 33

concentration gradient | diffusion coefficient

Question 34

diffusion rate in solution can be described by what law

Answer 34

Fick's First law

Question 35

read: direction of flux is from higher to lower conc means + membrane flux

Answer 35

-

Question 36

diffusion of a charged molecule depnds on [ ] AND

Answer 36

electric field effects

Question 37

ex of things that cross via diffusion (4)

Answer 37

02 benzene urea C02

Question 38

define osmosis

Answer 38

net flux of water across a semi permeable membrane from area of low solute [ ] to area of high solute [ ]

Question 39

osmolarity vs osmolality

Answer 39

``` rity = # moles/L lity = # moles/kg ```

Question 40

define osmotic pressure

Answer 40

pressure req to prevent osmotic FLOW Of water

Question 41

II = RT(ic) is eq for eq is called where do you get the osmolarity in eq

Answer 41

osmotic pressure van't Hoff relation via IC

Question 42

steady state cell V depends on

Answer 42

[ ] of impermeant solutes

Question 43

flow of ions thru channel is driven by what

Answer 43

electrochemical gradient ( [ ] and membrane voltage)

Question 44

which is faster: ion transport or carrier

Answer 44

ion

Question 45

list the classes of ion channels | -light gated is...

Answer 45

1) ligand gated 2) voltage gated 3) stretch gated/mechano-sensitive 4) temp gated 5) light gated (not found in mammals)

Question 46

stretch gated channels exist are involved in what kinds of sensation

Answer 46

auditory

Question 47

transport by ion channels is (active/passive)

Answer 47

passive

Question 48

facilitated diffusion via carriers ( ) depend directly on ATP

Answer 48

does NOT

Question 49

co transport ex (2)

Answer 49

Na and glucose (read: Na is going DOWN gradient while glucose goes UP gradient) Na and amino acids

Question 50

carriers that rely on an ion gradient controlled by a pump are called

Answer 50

secondary active transport read: transport of glucose and AA by Na coupled carriers ARE examples

Question 51

# define exchange carriers ex

Answer 51

transport two in OPP direction Na/Ca exchanger (Na into, Ca OUT against gradient)

Question 52

what's the key pt about active transport

Answer 52

carrier | fueled by ATP

Question 53

Na/K pump maintains what conditions (in and out of cell)

Answer 53

intra: high K, low Na

Question 54

someone wt diabetes -> excess glucose show up in urine bc ??

Answer 54

glucose carriers in kidneys are saturated cannot transport ALL glucose into bloodstream

Question 55

leaky epithelia transport what tight epithelia does what

Answer 55

leaky = isosmotic fluid tight = maintain large osmotic gradient *renal collecting duct or stomach

Question 56

toxins typically attack what

Answer 56

ion channels

Question 57

dif bt ion selectivity and gating which channel is this applicable for

Answer 57

s = which ions they transport g = what causes them to open and close ION channel