1. purpose of plasma cells 2. how can you tell if cell is plasma cell 3. purpose of mast cell 4. receptors of mast cells are

1. make antibodies 2. clock face nucleus (read: clumping chromatin) 3. STORES the mediator of inflammation (read: histamine, proteases, leukotrienes) 4. IgE receptors

8-1 (8.15.16) Flashcards by Heejae Yang

purpose of connective tissue

-supports, connects

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specialized types of connective tissue does what

insulates

absorbs shock

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structure of connective tissue

embedded in ECM

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main cell in connective tissue is

fibroblast

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dif bt fibroblast and cytes (size)

cytes are skinner

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fibroblast purpose

make fibers and macromolecules

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type ? forms meshworks

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Fibrillin-1

forms
purpose
complex is called

forms fine microfibrils

acts as a scaffolding on which the elastin
molecules are deposited.

complex is
called elastic fiber.

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OTHER CELLS found in connective tissue ??

IMMUNE CELLS

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1 purpose of macrophage

2 part of immune system (1st 2nd 3rd) line defense

1 endocytose and digest in lysosome

2 FIRST

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read: plasma cell is a type of immune cell

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Plasma cells are derived from what

B lymphocytes

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purpose of plasma cells
how can you tell if cell is plasma cell
purpose of mast cell
receptors of mast cells are

make antibodies
clock face nucleus (read: clumping chromatin)
STORES the mediator of inflammation (read: histamine, proteases, leukotrienes)
IgE receptors

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action potentials are “” regenerating

self

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define all or none

action potential does not vary as it propagates along a membrane (read: does not “fade out”)

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phases of basic action potential

1) rapid depolarization to a peak
2) falling phase of repolarization back to resting potential
3) undershoot: after hyperpolarization

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ball and chain

1. which channel

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define local circuit current

loop of membrane current flowing during propagation of action potential

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three variations of action potentials

in CNS, long lasting after hyperpolarization
in heart, AP have long plateau phase bc of opening of Ca channels
in heart, rate is controlled by fluctation in voltage of SA node cells (fluc is called pacemaker potential)

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two ion channels are critical to pacemaker potential - name them

1) L type Ca

2) T type Ca

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beta blocker does what

slows the heart and reduces BP

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define artery

vein

capillaries

artery = carry blood AWAY from heart

vein = “” TOWARD heart

where gas, nutrient exchange occurs

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arteries are what color

red

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exception to typical coloring of artery and vein

pulmonary art/vein

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thinner walls: vein vs artery why

veins arteries experience higher BP so need stronger wall

heart is a "" pump

double

(low/high) pressure in veins (low/high) pressure in arteries

veins = low arteries = high

# define lymphatic system - composed of | - purpose (other than get rid of bacteria in lymph node)

- capillaries and ducts | - drain excess fluid OUT of tissues and BACK to blood

excess fluid in tissue space is DRAINED by

lymph capillaries

lymph capillaries are (more/less) porous than blood capillaries

purpose of lymph node

node = fluid is filtered and exposed to white blood cells

permeability of lymph capillaries means what

large things like bacteria can get into lymph

nervous system functions

1) sensation 2) integration - processing of sensory info and decision to act or not 3) action - involves effectors (muscles or glands)

where does integration take place?

in brain or spinal cord

sensation -> integration (what neuron connects) integration -> action (what neuron connects)

S to I = sensory neuron I to A = motor neuron

dif bt axon and dendrite - function - #

axon: transmits AP; single dendrites: receive AP; multiple

name two types of neurons found in PNS

motor | sensory neurons

synaptic endings of sensory neurons are found in (CNS or PNS)

CNS

both sensory and motor neurons (verb) two things

bridge PNS and CNS

PNS is composed of these types of neurons CNS is composed of..

PNS - sensory and motor neurons CNS - sensory, motor, AND interneurons

""-neurons perform the integration function of nervous system

INTER

read: some inter-neurons have connections with thousands of other neurons

# define nerves same thing in ?NS is called

bundles of axons in PNS CNS, nerve tract

emerging from both sides of spinal cord are # pairs of spinal nerves

each spinal nerve is made of ""

union of two roots from spinal cord - dorsal/posterior root - ventral/anterior root

define inter-vertebral foramina

spaces bt vertebrae where spinal nerves exit vertebral canal

dorsal root contains only "" axons ventral root "" read: nerves contain both sensory and motor axons

sensory ventral - only motor axons

define dorsal root ganglion

lump formed by cell bodies of all sensory neurons

# define ganglion define nucleus

group of neuron cell bodies in PNS group of neuron cell bodies in CNS

after d/v roots join to form spinal nerve, what happens

spinal nerve divides into two parts: dorsal and ventral rami

rami means what

arm

rami components

motor and sensory axons

dorsal ramus function ventral ramus function

DR = motor innervation to deep muscles of back and sensory innervation to skin over vertebrae VR = motor innervation to all other muscles of body and sensory in to all remaining skin

read: ventral ramus is LARGER than dorsal ramus

cross section of spinal cord will show two things

outer region - white matter inner region - gray matter

define white matter

mostly nerve tracts (bundles of axons carrying sensory AP to brain or motor AP down from brain)

why is white matter white

myelin is white and myelin wraps around axons

then why is gray matter called gray

bc their bodies aren't covered in myelin

gray matter dorsal horn is composed of "" neurons ventral

dorsal - interneurons (receive sensory input) | ventral - motor neurons

deep muscles of back are called

E-PAXIAL muscles

8-1 (8.15.16) Flashcards

(60 cards)