3-1

Question 1

what is job of condenser?

what is job of objective?

Answer 1

focus light on specimen

focus light FROM specimen

Question 2

LM magnifies up to ?

EM magnifies up to ?

Answer 2

2500

500K

Question 3

bright field microscopy shows little detail unless

Answer 3

specimen is stained with light absorbing dyes

Question 4

”” microscopy gives a 3-D appearance to cell

Answer 4

No mar ski

Question 5

fluorescent molecules do what

Answer 5

absorb light at one wavelength and emit photon at dif wavelength

Question 6

describe the steps of cell fixation

Answer 6

• dehydrated in ethanol

- embedded in wax

Question 7

describe TEM

• acronym
• magnification limit
• req of section

Answer 7

transmission electron microscopy

allows high magnification (up to 500K x)

needs dead, ultrathin sections

Question 8

if you have high atomic #, you “” electrons (verb)

Answer 8

deflect

Question 9

membranes attach to “”

Answer 9

cytoskeleton

Question 10

define amphi-pathic

Answer 10

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 11

“fluid” in fluid mosaic model refers to

Answer 11

molecules diffuse laterally

Question 12

steps of freeze fracture

Answer 12

1) frozen cells are fractured under vacuum
2) surface is coated with heavy metal AND cell is dissolved in acid…leaving a metal replica of SURFACE
3) surface is examined

Question 13

P face is adjacent to “”

Answer 13

protoplasm

Question 14

glycocalyx located in (internal/external) surface

glycocalyx consists of what molecules

purpose of glycocalyx

Answer 14

external

oligosaccharides attached to proteins and lipids

• protects cell surface against damage
• cell to cell recognition

Question 15

Carriers in mitochondria import “” and export “”.

Answer 15

Carriers in mitochondria import pyruvate and export ATP.

Question 16

which cells use all 3 types of carriers (uniport, symport, antiport)

these are maintained in separate domains by “”

Answer 16

gut epithelial cells

tight junctions

Question 17

cystic fibrosis is caused by

Answer 17

mutation in CF transmembrane conductance regulator

Question 18

CFTR forms a “”

Answer 18

Cl channel

Question 19

in absence of functioning CFTR…

Answer 19

not enough water reaches EC -> sticky mucus on outside of cell -> bad mucus clearance in lungs

Question 20

ECM is produced by “”

Answer 20

rough ER and Golgi

Question 21

fibrous proteins provide what

Answer 21

tensile strength (resist stretching)

Question 22

fibrous proteins include what things

Answer 22

collagen

laminin (epithelia to basal lamina)

Question 23

”” is the most abundant animal protein

Answer 23

collagen

Question 24

carriers at basolateral surfaces mediate “” transport of glucose

Answer 24

passive

Question 25

junctional complex is a term for

Answer 25

tight ju adher ju desmosomes

Question 26

cadherin function

Answer 26

join together - desmosome - adherens

Question 27

Desmosome function

Answer 27

bind cells together (esp much mechanical stress)

Question 28

gap in gap junction exists due to "" spanning space bt cells

Answer 28

connexon

Question 29

increase in "" causes changes that close the gap junction

Answer 29

Ca

Question 30

dd

Answer 30

dd

Question 31

the four techniques (Nomarski, phase contrast, etc) are used to examine what kinds of cells

Answer 31

Living, unstained

Question 32

4 methods of using microscope

Answer 32

bright (field) phase contrast (Nomarski) phase contrast dark (field)

Question 33

TEM specimens MUST be stained with

Answer 33

heavy metal atoms

Question 34

negative staining is

Answer 34

object is unstained | surrounding is stained

Question 35

the mosaic aspect of the model was seen how the fluid aspect was seen how

Answer 35

freeze fractured membrane surface fuse together a mouse and human cell

Question 36

"" or "" will close the gap junction

Answer 36

high Ca | low pH

Question 37

dif bt tight and gap junction

Answer 37

tight = nothing passes thru them (seal) gap = channels allow molecules to pass from cell to c

Question 38

def of mindfulness

Answer 38

paying attention on purpose in present moment (non-judgmentally)