DETECTION NA DIDENTIFICATION OFANTIBODY

Question 1

Clinically significant___________ are those that cause decreased survival of RBCs possessing the target antigen.

A. autoantibodies
B. alloantibodies
C. antibodies
D. nota

Answer 1

Clinically significant alloantibodies are those that cause decreased survival of RBCs possessing the target antigen.

These antibodies are typically IgG antibodies that react at 37°C and/or at the antihuman globulin (AHG) phase of the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT).

Question 2

which of the unexpected antibodies is produced in response to RBC stimulation through transfusion, transplantation, or pregnancy

a. immune alloantibodies
b. naturally occurring alloantibodies
c. passively acquired antibodies
d. auto antibodies

Answer 2

immune alloantibodies

which are produced in RESPONSE TO RBC STIMULATION through transfusion, transplantation, or pregnancy

Question 3

which of the unexpected antibodies is produced WITHOUT response to RBC stimulation

a. immune alloantibodies
b. naturally occurring alloantibodies
c. passively acquired antibodies
d. auto antibodies

Answer 3

Naturally occurring alloantibodies

• produced without RBC stimulation
• Result of exposure to environmental sources, such as pollen, fungus, and bacteria, which have structures similar to some RBC antigens

Question 4

which of the unexpected Antibodies produced in one individual and then transmitted to another individual via plasma containing blood components or derivatives such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

a. immune alloantibodies
b. naturally occurring alloantibodies
c. passively acquired antibodies
d. auto antibodies

Answer 4

Passively acquired antibodies

Antibodies produced in one individual and then transmitted to another individual via plasma containing blood components or derivatives such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Question 5

which of the unexpected antibodies directed against antigens expressed on one’s own RBCs and
generally react with all RBCs tested

a. immune alloantibodies
b. naturally occurring alloantibodies
c. passively acquired antibodies
d. auto antibodies

Answer 5

Auto-antibodies

Autoantibodies are antibodies directed against antigens expressed on one’s own RBCs and
generally react with all RBCs tested

Question 6

in tube method how many drops of patient plasma

a. 1 drops
b. 2 drops
c. 3 drops
d. 4 drops

Answer 6

1drop of Reagent Known RBC suspension (2 to 5%) + 2 drops Patient plasma —→Incubate → wash (3to4x) –→ centrifuge and observe for hemolysis or agglutination

Question 7

it increases the degree of sensitization

a. AHG reagents
b. enhancement reagent
c. known rbc
d. nota

Answer 7

Enhancement reagent may be added to the test tube prior to incubation at 37°C to increase the degree of sensitization

Question 8

The RBC reagents /screen cells used in antibody screen testing come from________________ who have been typed for the most common and the most significant RBC antigens.

a. BG a
b. BG O
c. BG B
d. BGAB

Answer 8

The RBC reagents /screen cells used in antibody screen testing come from group O individuals who have been typed for the most common and the most significant RBC antigens.

Question 9

Controlled centrifugation red cells through ________________ and appropriate reagents, predispensed in specially designed microtube

a. AHG reagent
b. enhancement reagent
c. dextran acrylamide gel

Answer 9

Controlled centrifugation red cells through DEXTRAN ACRYLAMIDE GEL and appropriate reagents, predispensed in specially designed microtube

Question 10

which of the ff is not for gel technology

a. dat
b. abo reverse typing
c. antibody screening
d. compatibility testing

Answer 10

answer : NOTA

gel technoogy

Can do ABO forward and reverse grouping, 
Rh typing, 
DAT, 
Antibody screening, 
Antibody identification, and 
Compatibility testing

Question 11

what is the centrifugation time for gel technology

a. 10mins
b. 15 mins
c. 20 mins
d. 20 secs

Answer 11

gel technology

centrifugation time
10 mins

incubation time
15 mins

Question 12

what is the incubation time for gel technology

a. 10mins
b. 15 mins
c. 20 mins
d. 20 secs

Answer 12

gel technology

centrifugation time
10 mins

incubation time
15 mins

Question 13

what is the grading in gel technology that is Solid band of agglutinated red cells at the top of the gel column. Usually no red cells are visible in the bottom of the microtube

a. 4+
b. 3+
c. 2+
d. 1+

Answer 13

4+

solid band of agglutinaeted red cells at the top band

Question 14

what is the grading in gel technology that is Predominant amount of agglutinated red cells towards the top of the gel column with a few agglutinates staggered below the thicker band.

a. 4+
b. 3+
c. 2+
d. 1+

Answer 14

3+
Predominant amount of agglutinated red cells towards the top of the gel column with a few agglutinates staggered below the thicker band.

majority of the agglutinates are observed at the TOPHALF of the gel

Question 15

what is the grading in gel technology that is Red cell agglutinates dispersed throughout the gel column with few agglutinates at the bottom of the microtubes..

a. 4+
b. 3+
c. 2+
d. 1+

Answer 15

2+

red cell agglutinates DISPERSED throughout the gel column with FEW AGGLUTINATES AT THE BUTTOM

Question 16

what test method is for detecting RBC antigen and antibodies

a. tube method
b. gel technology
c. solid phase technology
d. affinity column technology

Answer 16

Solid phase technology

• for detecting antigen and antibodies
• can do antibody screening, antibody identification and compatibility testing

Question 17

what test method is to adhere IgG sensitized erythrocytes to an immunologically active matrix

a. tube method
b. gel technology
c. solid phase technology
d. affinity column technology

Answer 17

AFFINITY COLUMN TECHNOLOGY (Gamma React)

➢ Principle of affinity adherence of IgG sensitized erythrocytes to an immunologically active matrix

➢ Can do antibody screening, antibody identification, and compatibility testing

Question 18

A positive antibody screen and a negative autologous control indicates that an________ has been detected

a. alloantibodies
b. alloantibodies

Answer 18

autologous control

• The autologous control is the patient’s RBCs tested against the patient’s serum in the same manner as the antibody screen
• A positive antibody screen and a negative autologous control indicates that an alloantibody has been detected

Question 19

react best at the AHG phase

a. IgM
b. IgG
c. Multiple antibodies
d. Autologous control

Answer 19

IgM

• react best at room temperature or lower
• capable on causing agglutination of saline suspended RBCs

igG
- react best at AHG phase

Question 20

process used to physically remove antibodies from sera

a. antibody adsorption
b. antibody elution
c. nota
d. aota

Answer 20

ANTIBODY ADSORPTION

• Adsorption is a process used to physically remove antibodies from sera.
• The adsorption procedure may be performed using washed and/or enzyme-treated autologous RBCs, phenotypically matched allogeneic cells, cells selected to be positive for a specific combination of blood group antigens, or RBC stroma.

Question 21

is the process used to remove antibodies bound to RBCs, as indicated by a positive DAT.

a. antibody adsorption
b. antibody elution
c. nota
d. aota

Answer 21

ANTIBODY ELUTION

• Elution is the process used to remove antibodies bound to RBCs, as indicated by a positive DAT.
• Elution is commonly used to concentrate and solubilize antibodies from RBCs for subsequent identification studies.
• The elution of an antibody with KNOWN BG / DRUG DRUG SPECIFICTY can be diagnostic in the evaluation of acute and delayed HTR, HDFN, AIHA, and immune hemolytic anemia induced by medication