Pathology 1

Question 1

Sequela

Answer 1

Side effects of disease; secondary knock on effects

Question 2

Sign

Answer 2

Objective evidence of a disease

Question 3

Diagnosis

Answer 3

Act of naming/recognising the disease to allow treatmen

Question 4

Prognosis

Answer 4

Anticipated course of disease in terms of:
remission
fate
cure

Question 5

Natural History

Answer 5

Pattern of disease; origin, initial effects, progress, late effects, prognosis

Question 6

Aetiology

Answer 6

Causative factor(s); e.g. infection or maybe smoking

Question 7

Pathogenesis

Answer 7

Mechanism of disease/Manner of development of disease

Question 8

Idiopathic

Answer 8

Unknown cause of disease

Question 9

Iatrogenic

Answer 9

Condition caused by medical procedures/personnel or develops through exposure to health care facility environment

Question 10

Morphology

Answer 10

Size, shape and structure as opposed to function

Question 11

Hypertrophy

Answer 11

Increase in size of cells
e.g. Exercise/Hypertension

Tend to be in cells that don’t divide - cardiac and skeletal muscle

Question 12

Hyperplasia and example

Answer 12

Increase in number of cells

e.g. Breast development in puberty, liver regeneration, wound healing or psoriasis leading to thicker skin

Question 13

Example of hyperplasia+hypertrophy

Answer 13

Uterine Enlargement during pregnancy

Question 14

Atrophy

Answer 14

Shrinkage in cell size due to loss of cell substance

e.g. immobilised limb

Question 15

Involution

Answer 15

Reduction in number of cells (opposite of hyperplasia)

Reduction in functional demand; usually by apoptosis

e.g. myometrium of uterus post partum

Question 16

Metaplasia

Answer 16

Change in TYPE of cell
e.g. stem cells reprogramming
Can be result of response to environment, e.g. smoking

Can predispose to neoplasia

Question 17

Neoplasia

Answer 17

Permanent alteration of normal cellular growth pattern; not adaptive; “new-growth”; leads to tumour
Permanent

Question 18

Histology

Answer 18

Study of normal microscopic structure of biological material and relationship between structure and function