Carbohydrate Metabolism 1 (REVISE) Flashcards
Gluconeogenesis
Metabolic Pathway whereby glucose is generated in the body when it cannot be obtained from diet or liver catabolism of glycogen
Vaguely describe precursors of gluconeogenesis
Non-Carbohydrate
Where does gluconeogenesis occur
Liver and Kidney
Where are the main stores of glycogen in the body
Skeletal Muscle and Liver
What are Reducing and Non-Reducing Ends of Glycogen
How many Reducing and Non-Reducing Ends are there in a molecule of glucose
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Enzyme that breaks up glycogen chains into Glucose-1-Phosphate Molecules
**Part of glycogen breakdown pathway
Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase
ATP, G6P, Glucose
Activators of Glycogen Phosphorylase
AMP
Glycogen Debranching Enzyme
Bifunctional Enzyme that:
- Acts as an α1-4 transglycosylase and moves trisaccharide units to non-reducing branch end
- Hydrolytically removes remaining molecule using amylo-α(1-6) glycosidase activity
- *dw about enzyme names
- *Part of glycogen breakdown pathway
Phosphoglucomutase
Enzyme that phosphorylates G1P into G1,6P; the enzyme gets rephosphorylated to then form G6P
Enzyme is responsible for converting G1P to G6P
**Part of glycogen breakdown pathway
Glucose-6-Phosphatase
Enzyme that hydrolises G6P into glucose
Glycogen Synthase
Enzyme that makes α1-4 linkages across glucose molecules and extends existing chains
UDP-Glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose
What molecules are required to synthesise glycogen
α-D-Glucose
ATP
UTP
