DNA, RNA and Genes Flashcards
Purines
Adenine (6-Amino-Purine) and Guanine
Pyrimidines
Thymine, Uracil, Cytosine
Modification of Uracil to make Thymine
5-Methyl Uracil
What charge is prominent in DNA
Negative charge
Differences on DNA & RNA (Carbon 2)
Protons on DNA, Hydroxyl on RNA
Phosphodiester bond Direction
5’-3’
This is also convention when drawing DNA (left to right)
How is the genome of hot spring insects different to humans
It is GC rich as those triple H bonds are more stable than the double H bonds of AT
What is the reason for the helical twist of DNA?
Their hydrophobic nature causes interactions that make bases closer to one another to avoid water, also causing a spiral
What happens when chemicals insert into stacked bases?
DNA polymerase is confused so an insertion mutation occurs where a base is added when there originally was nothing
DNA Gyrase
Enzyme that stops the formation of super coils during DNA unwinding
Okazaki Fragments
Segments of partially synthesised DNA formed on the lagging strand
DNA Ligase
Enzyme that seals the nicks between okazaki fragments
Why is DNA gyrase targeted for drug interventions
Eukaryotic DNA replication does not need DNA gyrase
Why are Topoisomerase Enzymes targeted in Chemotherapy
Eukaryotic DNA replication requires topoisomerase enzymes
hnRNA
Precursor to mRNA before post transcriptional modifications (includes introns)