Topic 2: Important Organic Substances (carbs + fats) Flashcards
1
Q
What do carbohydrates consist of?
A
C, H, O
- always in ratio (CH2O)
note that these are long chains
2
Q
What is the function of carbohydrates? (2)
A
- source of energy for cells (eg. glucose)
- cellular structures (eg. DNA and RNA)
3
Q
What are monosaccharides? (3)
A
- simple sugars (monomers of carbs)
- e.g. glucose, fructose, ribose, deoxyribose
- basic building block of other carbohydrates
4
Q
What are disaccharides?
A
- 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together
- e.g. glucose + fructose –> sucrose
5
Q
What are polysaccharides?
A
- many monosaccharides bonded together
- e.g. glycogen (animals) and starch (plants)
6
Q
What are lipids made of?
A
- C,H,O and sometimes P
- not in the same ratio as carbs
7
Q
Give some examples of lipids (5)
A
- fats
- oils
- waxes
- cholesterol
- fatty acids
8
Q
Are lipids soluble in water?
A
- no, they are insoluble as they are nonpolar
9
Q
What are the functions of lipids? (3)
A
- protects organs (padding)
- Components of cell membranes
- Source of stored energy
10
Q
Name 4 TYPES of lipids.
A
- Glycerides
- phospolipids
- cholesterol
- Steroids
11
Q
What are glycerides?
A
- most common lipid in body and diet
12
Q
What are glycerides composed of?
A
- glycerol (backbone)
- fatty acids (FA)
13
Q
How many fatty acids are in a monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglyceride?
A
- all contain glycerol
monoglyceride = 1 FA
diglyceride = 2 FA
triglyceride = 3 FA
14
Q
What are phospholipids composed of?
A
- Phosphate “head” group that is polar/hydrophilic/water soluble
- Glycerol Backbone
- 2 FAs “tails” that are non-polar/hydrophobic/water insoluble
15
Q
What is cholesterol (where is it found and function)?
A
- found in cell membranes
- used to synthesize steroids
