Topic 18: Endocrine System - Overview and Hormone Classes Flashcards
1
Q
What structures does the endocrine system include? (2)
A
Ductless glands and endocrine tissues within other organs
2
Q
What does the endocrine system do?
A
- secretes chemicals called hormones into the blood
3
Q
Where are hormones transported?
A
- transported to target cells via circulation
- act on target cells
4
Q
What is a target cell?
A
- cell with receptor specific for that hormone
5
Q
Name the 3 hormone classes
A
- steroids
- hormones derived from amino acids
- peptide+protein hormones
6
Q
How are steroids synthesized?
A
- cholesterol (lipid soluble)
7
Q
Name 3 steroids
A
- testosterone
- estrogen
- vitamin D
8
Q
Name 2 hormones derived from amino acids
A
- thyroxine (Tu)
- Epinephrine + norepinephrine (catecholamines)
9
Q
What are the characteristics of thyroxine? (3)
A
- derived from tyrosine
- a thyroid hormone
- lipid soluble
10
Q
what is the function of thyroxine?
A
- controls cellular metabolism
11
Q
what are characteristics of epinephrine and norepinephrine? (2)
A
- thyroid hormone derived from tyrosine
- water soluble
12
Q
what is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?
A
- short term stress:
part of fight or flight response
13
Q
what are peptides and protein hormones made of?
A
Chain of amino acids
14
Q
Peptide and protein hormones are _______ (lipid/water) soluble
A
mainly water soluble
15
Q
What are some examples of peptide and protein hormones? (4)
A
- oxytocin
- ADH
- growth hormone
- insulin
