Topic 14: Respiratory System - Clinical Applications + Ventilation Flashcards
1
Q
What is pulmonary edema? (2)
A
- accumulation of fluids in the lungs
- between cells and within alveoli
note that it is hard to breathe
2
Q
What is tuberculosis? (3)
A
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- thickens respiratory membrane:
- lung tissue is replaced by fibrous CT (scars)
3
Q
What does TB result in?
A
- decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
note high infection levels
4
Q
What is a pulmonary embolism? (2)
A
- blockage of pulmonary vasculature
- due to blood clot, arteriosclerosis, air bubbles in vessels
fun fact, air bubbles mean u need to be careful during injections
5
Q
What is pneumothorax? (2)
A
- entry of air into pleural cavity
- causes lung to collapse
note that the cavity equalizes pressure in chest cavity and in greys, that is why they stab a pen to relieve pressure and allow air to escape
6
Q
What occurs in emphysema?
A
- alveolar walls break
7
Q
What does emphysema cause? (3)
A
- fewer, large alveoli
- surface area for gas exchange (reduced)
3) decreased elasticity (hard to breathe) + recoil (less air out on exhalation)
8
Q
In ventilation, all muscles are what type?
A
skeletal
9
Q
What is inspiration?
A
- intake of air
10
Q
What occurs in inspiration?
A
- diaphragm and external intercostals contract
11
Q
What is expiration?
A
- air moves to atmosphere from lungs
12
Q
What occurs to muscles in expiration? (2)
A
- diaphragm and external intercostals relax
- exhale = passive
