Topic 10: Skeletal System - Articulations / Joints (structural) Flashcards
1
Q
What are joints/articulations?
A
- points of contact between 2 or more bones
2
Q
What are the 2 classes of joints?
A
- structural and functional
3
Q
What is the structural classification (anatomical) based on? (2)
A
- presence/absence of joint cavity (articulation point)
- type of CT
4
Q
What are the 3 types of structural joints?
A
- fibrous joints
- cartilaginous joints
- synovial joints
5
Q
What are the characteristics of fibrous joints? (2)
A
- no joint cavity
- fibrous CT (dense regular/irregular)
- ex. sutures in skull (fontanels in newborn)
6
Q
What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints? (2)
A
- no joint cavity
- cartilage attaches bones
ex. pubic symphysis, costal cartilage of ribs
7
Q
What are examples of synovial joints?
A
- shoulder, elbow, knee, hip
8
Q
What are the 3 parts of synovial joints?
A
- articular cartilage (hyaline)
- joint cavity
- articular/joint capsule
9
Q
What does the joint cavity of synovial joints contain?
A
- synovial fluid
in lecture, it reduces friction between bones and adds nutrients
10
Q
What is the outer layer of synovial joint capsule? (2)
A
- fibrous capsule
- may have ligaments within (capsule is thickened) or separate
11
Q
What is the inner layer of the synovial joint capsule?
A
- synovial membrane (CT only)
- secretes synovial fluid
12
Q
How are the types of synovial joints determined?
A
- grouped according to shape of articulating bones
13
Q
Name the 4 types of synovial joints.
A
- Plane/gliding
- hinge
- pivot
- ball and socket
14
Q
What are plane/gliding joints?
A
- flat surfaces
- ex. sacroiliac
15
Q
What are hinge joints?
A
- convex/concave surfaces
ex. elbow, knee
note one plane of movement
