Topic 2: DNA and RNA + ATP

Question 1

What does DNA consist of? (3)

Answer 1

• PO4 - deoxyribose - ATC or G

Question 2

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 2

• bases bind to form double-stranded helix (twisted ladder)
• A to T
• G to C

Question 3

How is the shape of DNA formed?

Answer 3

• alternating sugar and phosphate form “uprights”
• bases “rungs”

Question 4

what is the function of DNA? (3)

Answer 4

• cellular reproduction (duplicates itself)
• used as a template to make RNA (for transcription)
• in table 2.9, encodes information for making proteins

Question 5

How is DNA copied?

Answer 5

DNA is self-replicating

Question 6

What are the two types of DNA?

Answer 6

nuclear and mitochondrial

Question 7

How many HYDROGEN bonds does adenine and thymine/uracil have, as well as guanine and cytosine?

Answer 7

AT/AU = 2
GC = 3

Question 8

What is the structure of RNA? (3)

Answer 8

• PO4 - ribose - AUC or G

Question 9

What is the shape of RNA? (2)

Answer 9

single stranded
- A to U, G to C

Question 10

What is the function of RNA? (2)

Answer 10

protein synthesis (translation)
- carries the genetic code and assists in making proteins

Question 11

What is the general pathway to protein synthesis? (3)

Answer 11

DNA -> RNA -> protein

Question 12

How is RNA made?

Answer 12

• made by using DNA as a blueprint

Question 13

What are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 13

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 14

How is ATP used as an energy source?

Answer 14

• energy stored in covalent bonds powers cellular activities

Question 15

What is the structure of ATP? (2)

Answer 15

3 PO4 + ribose + adenine
- modified RNA nucleotide

Question 16

What process allows ATP to give energy to the cell?

Answer 16

• breaking bonds creates IMMEDIATE usable energy (hydrolyze)