Topic 12: Cardiovascular System - Valves + cardiac muscle

Question 1

What are the two types of valves in the heart?

Answer 1

• atrioventricular (AV)
• semilunar

Question 2

what are the two AV valves?

Answer 2

• bicuspid (mitral)
• tricuspid

Question 3

What side of the heart is the bicuspid AV valve?

Answer 3

• left side
• 2 cusps

Question 4

what side of the heart is the tricuspid valve?

Answer 4

• right
• 3 cusps
  its always right to try

Question 5

what are chordae tendineae? (2)

Answer 5

• connective tissue
• attach AV valve cusps to papillary muscles to prevent eversion of cusps

Question 6

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 6

• projections of the myocardium

Question 7

How many cusps do semilunar valves have?

Answer 7

• 3 cusps each

Question 8

name the two semi lunar valves

Answer 8

aortic and pulmonary
in lecture, they prevent blood from going back to heart

Question 9

What does the aortic valve separate?

Answer 9

• separates left ventricle + aorta

Question 10

what does the pulmonary valve separate?

Answer 10

• separates right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 11

in the lab, where is the moderator band?

Answer 11

in right ventricle

Question 12

what do the cardiac muscle cells form?

Answer 12

• form both contractile myocardium and conduction system
  see diagram pg 4

Question 13

how are cardiac muscle cells similar to skeletal muscle? (2)

Answer 13

1. striated - myofibrils with sarcomeres
2. has a sarcoplasmic reticulum an T-tubules

Question 14

how are cardiac muscle cells different to skeletal muscles?

Answer 14

1. branched (myofibrils with sarcomeres)
2. uninucleated
3. intercalculated discs (only found in cardiac muscle)

Question 15

what are intercalculated discs? (2)

Answer 15

• region where two fibers meet
• contain anchoring and gap junctions