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z - General Botany > Photosynthesis (from maam) > Flashcards

Photosynthesis (from maam) Flashcards

1
Q

process that captures light energy and transforms into the chemical energy of carbohydrates

A

Photosynthesis

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur

A
  • plasma membranes of some bacteria
  • cells of algae
  • leaves of plants
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3
Q
  • outermost layer of plants, which covers leaves, fruits, flowers, and non-woody stems of higher plants.
  • protects plants against drought, extreme temperatures, UV radiation, chemical attack, mechanical injuries, and pathogen/pest infection.
A

cuticle

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4
Q
  • outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells covering the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant
  • this and its waxy cuticle provide a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection
A

epidermis

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5
Q
  • internal ground tissue located between the two epidermal cell layers of the leaf
  • composed of two kinds of tissues
A

Mesophyll

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6
Q

Two kinds of tissues in the mesophyll

A
  1. Palisade mesophyll
  2. Spongy mesophyll
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7
Q
  • where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf
  • contain a lot of chloroplasts to help them perform this photosynthesis
  • closely packed together to maximize light absorption.
A

palisade mesophyll layer

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8
Q

site of gaseous exchange for photosynthesis and respiration

A

Spongy mesophyll layer

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9
Q
  • conducting vessel of a plant
  • consists of the xylem and phloem.
A

vascular bundle

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10
Q
  • layer of compactly arranged parenchyma surrounding the vasculature
  • conduit between the vasculature and the mesophyll cells.
A

bundle sheath

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11
Q
  • pores on the surface of the leaves and other aerial parts of most higher plants
  • allow uptake of CO2 for photosynthesis and the loss of water vapor from the transpiration stream
A

Stomata

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12
Q

Parts of the chloroplast

A
  • outer membrane
  • inner membrane
  • stroma
  • granum
  • thylakoid
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13
Q

basic structural unit of the thylakoid membrane network of plant chloroplasts

A

Granum

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14
Q

fluid-filled internal space of the chloroplasts which encircle the grana and the thylakoids

A

Stroma

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15
Q

site of photochemical or light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis

A

Thylakoid

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16
Q

Two reactions that happen in the three stages of photosynthesis

A
  1. Light-dependent reactions
  2. Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)
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17
Q

Three stages of photosynthesis

A
  1. Capturing energy from sunlight
  2. Using energy to make ATP and NADPH
  3. Using ATP and NADPH to power synthesis of carbohydrates from CO2
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18
Q

first and second stage of photosynthesis

A

light-dependent reactions

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19
Q

third stage of photosynthesis

A

light-independent reactions

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20
Q

formula of photosynthesis

A

6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy –> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

21
Q

Where does the three stages of photosynthesis occur

A

chloroplast

22
Q

pigment of plants that capture light

A

chlorophyll

23
Q
  • occur in the thylakoid membrane
  • Use sun’s energy to excite electrons to higher energy levels
A

Light-dependent reactions

24
Q

Excited electrons of light-dependent reactions

A
  • move through an electron transport chain, potential energy converted to some ATP (photosystem 2)
  • packed into NADPH (photosystem 1)
25
Q

The ___ and ___ are then used in the Calvin cycle to synthesize sugars

A
  • ATP
  • NADPH
26
Q

Light consists of tiny packets of energy called ___

A

photons

27
Q

High energy photons have ___ ___/___ ___ than low energy photons

A
  • shorter wavelengths
  • higher frequency
28
Q

full range of photons

A

electromagnetic spectrum

29
Q

visible light

A

400nm - 740nm

30
Q

molecules that absorb light energy

A

pigments

31
Q

chlorophylls in plants

A
  • chlorophyll a
  • chlorophyll b
32
Q
  • capture wavelengths not efficiently absorbed by chlorophyll
  • example of accessory pigments
A

carotenoids

33
Q

absorption spectrum of carotenoids

A

400nm - 500 nm

34
Q

pigment-protein
complex in the thylakoid membrane forms the
___

A

photosystem

35
Q

Chlorophyll is embedded in a __ __ in the thylakoid membrane

A

protein complex

36
Q

Five stages of light-dependent reactions

A
  1. Capturing light
  2. Exciting an electron
  3. Electron transport
  4. Making ATP
  5. Making NADPH
37
Q

The __ __ of photosystem II first captures the photons

A

antenna complex

38
Q

antenna complex

A
  • generates high-energy electron that is passed through an electron transport system
  • drives synthesis of ATP
39
Q

The electron is then transferred to __ __

A

photosystem I

40
Q

electron of photosystem 1

A
  • gets energy boost from another photon of light
  • pass through another electron transport system
  • drives synthesis of NADPH
41
Q

__ __ is transferred between molecules

A

Excitation energy

42
Q

Lost electron is replaced by one from __ __

A

water breakdown

43
Q

Plants use two photosystems that occur in series. The process is called __ __

A

noncyclic photophosphorylation

44
Q

noncyclic photophosphorylation

A

photosystem II -> electron transport system -> photosystem I -> electron transport system

45
Q
  • Occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
  • Occur without the presence of sunlight
  • Carbon molecules from CO2 are fixed into glucose.
A

light-independent reactions

46
Q

carbon molecules in light-independent reactions

A
  • fixed into glucose
  • from CO2
47
Q

site of calvin cycle

A

stroma

48
Q

absorption spectrum of chlorophyll b

A

mostly 453nm and 642 nm

49
Q

absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a

A

around 450-475 nm and 650-675 nm

z - General Botany (14 decks)

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