Skin 1

Question 1

What is the largest, most visible organ of the body?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

What is the main function of the skin?

Answer 2

Protection of internal organs from external environment

Question 3

What does the skin excrete? think about when you’re sweating - what is released when sweating?

Answer 3

Salts, water and organic waste

Question 4

What does the skin produce to protect underlying tissue from UV radiation? It is also responsible for pigmentation.

Answer 4

Melanin

Question 5

What does the skin produce to protect against abrasion and serves as a water repellent?

Answer 5

Keratin/sebum

Question 6

What tissues make up the skin?

Answer 6

Epithelial, nervous, connective and muscle tissue (composite organ)

Question 7

What are the 3 primary layers of the skin?

Answer 7

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

Question 8

This layer is a stratified, avascular barrier that is made mostly made of keratinocytes.

Answer 8

Epidermis

Question 9

This is a vascular layer made of protein fibres that provide nourishment and strength to the skin.

Answer 9

Dermis

Question 10

This is a layer made of adipose tissue and adipocytes (main cell types)

Answer 10

Hypodermis

Question 11

What are the two layers that make up the cutaneous skin?

Answer 11

Dermis and epidermis

Question 12

What is the layer that makes up the subcutaneous skin?

Answer 12

Hypodermis

Question 13

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

Answer 13

Papillary and reticular layer

Question 14

What tissue type dominates in the epidermis?

Answer 14

Epithelial tissue

Question 15

What are the 2 types of epithelia in the epidermis?

Answer 15

Simple and stratified epithelia.

Question 16

What’s the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

Answer 16

Simple = only 1 layer of epithelial cells
Stratified = a stacked layer of epithelial cells

Question 17

What are the 3 shapes of epithelia?

Answer 17

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 18

What kind of epithelia makes up the epidermis?

Answer 18

Stratified squamous epithelia

Question 19

What are the layers of the epidermis of thin skin?

Answer 19

Stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Question 20

This is the layer of the epidermis that contains dead, dried out hard cells without nuclei. Mostly made of stratified squamous cells that exist to protect internal organs from external environment.

Answer 20

Stratum corneum (spiky layer - hence why it flakes off more easily)

Question 21

This layer of the epidermis contains granules that promote dehydration of the cell and crosslinking of keratin fibre. Waxy material is secreted into intercellular spaces.

Answer 21

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

Question 22

This layer of the epidermis has intercellular bridges that link the cells together.

Answer 22

Stratum spinosum (spinous layer)

Question 23

These anchor adjacent/neighbouring cells in epidermis

Answer 23

Desmosomes

Question 24

These anchors stratum basale to the dermis (so anchors epidermis to dermis)

Answer 24

Hemidesmosomes

Question 25

This is a layer of the epidermis that contains mostly columnar, tall regenerative stem cells that actively divide. It is the nearest to the dermis and receives the most nourishment from the subpapillary plexus.

Answer 25

Stratum basale (basal layer)

Question 26

What are the layers of the epidermis in thick skin?

Answer 26

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

Question 27

This layer of skin is situated underneath the epidermis and is anchored via hemidesmosomes. This layer does not shed.

Answer 27

Dermis

Question 28

This is a layer of the dermis that contains highly vascularised tissues (for nourishment)

Answer 28

Papillary layer

Question 29

This is a layer of the dermis that contains a mesh-like structure of collagen and elastin fibres (for strength)

Answer 29

Reticular layer

Question 30

What do the papillary and reticular layers have in common?

Answer 30

Blood vessels, lymphatics, sensory nerve fibres and accessory structures

Question 31

What are the 2 plexuses of the dermis?

Answer 31

Cutaneous and subpapillary plexus

Question 32

This term refers to a network of blood vessels or nerves

Answer 32

Plexus

Question 33

This is a network of blood vessels present at the junction of dermis/hypodermis. It supplies nourishment to hypodermis including capillaries for hair follicles and sweat glands.

Answer 33

Cutaneous plexus

Question 34

This is a network of blood vessels providing O2 and nutrients to the upper dermis and epidermis. It lies deep to the papillary layer of the dermis.

Answer 34

Subpapillary plexus

Question 35

This is characterised by red/pink, dry, painful skin and usually no blisters. The skin maintains its function.

Answer 35

First degree burns

Question 36

This is characterised by painful, moist, red and blistered skin. It affects the epidermis and varying amounts of dermis and takes a longer time to heal. Skin maintains some function.

Answer 36

Normal 2nd degree burns

Question 37

This is characterised by painful, moist, red and blistered skin but may include whiteish waxy looking areas (pus). May have some loss of sensation and scarring but hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact.

Answer 37

Deeper 2nd degree burns

Question 38

This is characterised by deep muscle and bone and skin damage. Varied color from waxy white through to deep red or black and results in hard/dry/leathery skin. Usually no pain in these areas as sensory nerve endings/skin receptors are destroyed.

Answer 38

3rd degree burns