Skin 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest, most visible organ of the body?

A

Skin

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2
Q

What is the main function of the skin?

A

Protection of internal organs from external environment

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3
Q

What does the skin excrete? think about when you’re sweating - what is released when sweating?

A

Salts, water and organic waste

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4
Q

What does the skin produce to protect underlying tissue from UV radiation? It is also responsible for pigmentation.

A

Melanin

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5
Q

What does the skin produce to protect against abrasion and serves as a water repellent?

A

Keratin/sebum

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6
Q

What tissues make up the skin?

A

Epithelial, nervous, connective and muscle tissue (composite organ)

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7
Q

What are the 3 primary layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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8
Q

This layer is a stratified, avascular barrier that is made mostly made of keratinocytes.

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

This is a vascular layer made of protein fibres that provide nourishment and strength to the skin.

A

Dermis

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10
Q

This is a layer made of adipose tissue and adipocytes (main cell types)

A

Hypodermis

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11
Q

What are the two layers that make up the cutaneous skin?

A

Dermis and epidermis

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12
Q

What is the layer that makes up the subcutaneous skin?

A

Hypodermis

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13
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular layer

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14
Q

What tissue type dominates in the epidermis?

A

Epithelial tissue

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelia in the epidermis?

A

Simple and stratified epithelia.

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16
Q

What’s the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

A

Simple = only 1 layer of epithelial cells
Stratified = a stacked layer of epithelial cells

17
Q

What are the 3 shapes of epithelia?

A

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

18
Q

What kind of epithelia makes up the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

19
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis of thin skin?

A

Stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

20
Q

This is the layer of the epidermis that contains dead, dried out hard cells without nuclei. Mostly made of stratified squamous cells that exist to protect internal organs from external environment.

A

Stratum corneum (spiky layer - hence why it flakes off more easily)

21
Q

This layer of the epidermis contains granules that promote dehydration of the cell and crosslinking of keratin fibre. Waxy material is secreted into intercellular spaces.

A

Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

22
Q

This layer of the epidermis has intercellular bridges that link the cells together.

A

Stratum spinosum (spinous layer)

23
Q

These anchor adjacent/neighbouring cells in epidermis

A

Desmosomes

24
Q

These anchors stratum basale to the dermis (so anchors epidermis to dermis)

A

Hemidesmosomes

25
Q

This is a layer of the epidermis that contains mostly columnar, tall regenerative stem cells that actively divide. It is the nearest to the dermis and receives the most nourishment from the subpapillary plexus.

A

Stratum basale (basal layer)

26
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis in thick skin?

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

27
Q

This layer of skin is situated underneath the epidermis and is anchored via hemidesmosomes. This layer does not shed.

A

Dermis

28
Q

This is a layer of the dermis that contains highly vascularised tissues (for nourishment)

A

Papillary layer

29
Q

This is a layer of the dermis that contains a mesh-like structure of collagen and elastin fibres (for strength)

A

Reticular layer

30
Q

What do the papillary and reticular layers have in common?

A

Blood vessels, lymphatics, sensory nerve fibres and accessory structures

31
Q

What are the 2 plexuses of the dermis?

A

Cutaneous and subpapillary plexus

32
Q

This term refers to a network of blood vessels or nerves

A

Plexus

33
Q

This is a network of blood vessels present at the junction of dermis/hypodermis. It supplies nourishment to hypodermis including capillaries for hair follicles and sweat glands.

A

Cutaneous plexus

34
Q

This is a network of blood vessels providing O2 and nutrients to the upper dermis and epidermis. It lies deep to the papillary layer of the dermis.

A

Subpapillary plexus

35
Q

This is characterised by red/pink, dry, painful skin and usually no blisters. The skin maintains its function.

A

First degree burns

36
Q

This is characterised by painful, moist, red and blistered skin. It affects the epidermis and varying amounts of dermis and takes a longer time to heal. Skin maintains some function.

A

Normal 2nd degree burns

37
Q

This is characterised by painful, moist, red and blistered skin but may include whiteish waxy looking areas (pus). May have some loss of sensation and scarring but hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact.

A

Deeper 2nd degree burns

38
Q

This is characterised by deep muscle and bone and skin damage. Varied color from waxy white through to deep red or black and results in hard/dry/leathery skin. Usually no pain in these areas as sensory nerve endings/skin receptors are destroyed.

A

3rd degree burns