Cardio Physiology 6

Question 1

What are the 2 components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma and formed elements

Remember: it is a 50/50 split

Question 2

What are the 3 primary functions of blood?

Answer 2

Transport, immune response, coagulation

• Transport: transport of materials through blood (ions, solutes, organic wastes, O2, CO2, water, homrones, nutrients)
• Immune response usually involves WBC and immunoglobulins
• Coagulation usually involves platelets, and other coagulation factors (this in itself is also an immune response)

Question 3

What is coagulation?

Answer 3

The prevention of excessive bleeding during an injury or when a blood vessel is punctured.

Question 4

What does blood produce as part of an immune response?

Answer 4

White blood cells and immunoglobulins

Question 5

Blood volume is directly proportional to _______.

Answer 5

lean body mass

Question 6

These coordinate the activity of organs in the body.

Answer 6

Hormones

Question 7

This is the fraction of blood occupied by the red blood cells

Answer 7

Haematocrit or PCV - packed cell volume

Question 8

Why is the biconcave shape of red blood cells significant?

Answer 8

• because it has a greater SA:V ratio which allows for efficient diffusion of gases
• also, it makes the cell more flexible which enables it to move through narrow capillaries efficiently

Question 9

This is the formation of blood cells.

Answer 9

Haematopoiesis

Question 10

This is the formation of red blood cells

Answer 10

Erythropoiesis

Question 11

Where are stem cells found?

Answer 11

Red bone marrow

Question 12

This is a stimulant that stimulates the formation of red blood cells.

Answer 12

Erythropoietin

Question 13

What does erythropoietin do?

Answer 13

Stimulate the formation of red blood cells

Question 14

This augments the number of red blood cells present in the blood.

Answer 14

Testosterone

Question 15

What is the organ responsible for releasing EPO once a change in RBS has been detected?

Answer 15

Kidneys

Question 16

These are bits/fragments of cells that help with coagulation.

Answer 16

Platelets

Question 17

These are responsible for transporting O2 in the blood.

Answer 17

Red blood cells

Question 18

What is so significant in the structure of haemoglobin?

Answer 18

That it contains an Fe2+ - which enables O2 to bind, hence why RBCs are made of haemoglobin because it allows O2 to bind to the cell

Question 19

How does blood transport heat?

Answer 19

Through mechanisms like vasodilation - which rushes blood to skin and evaporates heat.

The blood usually goes to the skin through cutaneous circulation.

Question 20

These cells are responsible for immune response and defense mechanisms. These seek and destroy invading pathogens.

Answer 20

White blood cells

Question 21

These are the most common cells found in the blood.

Answer 21

Red blood cells

Question 22

This is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure, coordinating immune responses and acting as a coagulation factor

Answer 22

Plasma

Question 23

These are responsible for maintaining pH and ion balance to ensure that the cell keeps functioning.

Answer 23

Other solutes (electrolytes, water)

Question 24

What is the main component of plasma? What does it do?

Answer 24

Water; it can hold a lot of heat

Question 25

What are the 2 ways of measuring amount of RBCs in the blood?

Answer 25

By figuring out haematocrit (portion of blood taken up by red blood cells)

By measuring haemoglobin concentration

Question 26

This is a condition characterised by low haemoglobin levels - whereby blood carries less O2 and therefore reduces amount of O2 delivered to tissues as well as exercise ability.

Answer 26

Anaemia

Question 27

What is the main cause of anaemia?

Answer 27

Fe deficiency

Question 28

This organ senses when oxygen levels in the blood are depressed.

Answer 28

Kidneys

Question 29

What is the disadvantage of having high amounts of RBC in the blood?

Answer 29

There will be more solid stuff (aka formed elements) present in the blood - which will affect circulation because it could cause blockages and impact transportation of materials

Question 30

What is the source of all blood types?

Answer 30

Stem cells