Respiratory Anatomy 2 - Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards
This component of respiratory system preps the air for gas exchange, helps with olfaction and resonance of sound
Upper respiratory system
What are the 3 main types of epithelium found in the upper respiratory system?
Stratified squamous epithelium, olfactory epithelium, respiratory epithelium
What are the 5 key components of the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What are the 3 main functions of the LRT?
1) gas exchange (conducts air to/from sites of gas exchange)
2) completes cleaning, warming, and humidifying of air
3) provides blood-air barrier and large SA for gas exchange
This allows the passage of air only. It lies anterior to the esophagus. (Main airway)
Larynx
What is the role of cartilage in the larynx?
It protects and maintains an open airway
This closes over the airway when swallowing.
Epiglottis
This is known as the ‘true’ vocal cord. The passing air causes vibrations which results in sound waves; it is used for normal phoation.
Vocal folds
These are known as the ‘false’ vocal cords. It is superior to the vocal folds and prevent foreign object entry into the glottis
Vestibular folds
This affects cartilage and muscle in the vocal folds which results in longer and thicker folds, and thus a deeper voice.
Testosterone
This can produce very deep sounds.
Vestibular folds
This maintains the patent airway (keeps it open and obstruction free). It is anterior to the esophagus and sits between the larynx and the primary bronchi
Trachea
What is the trachea made of? (2 components)
C-shaped cartilage rings, elastin fibres in lamina propria + submucosa
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Respiratory epithelium
This has structures known as cilia that move the debris to the pharynx to be swallowed and digested. Mucus and mucosal glands line the surface of the epithelium.
Mucociliary escalator
The ends of C-shaped cartilage rings are connected by a band of smooth muscle known as?
Trachealis