Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Unit 1: Cytology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

creates two cellular environments
keeps things inside, keeps things from escaping, keeps things outside, has proteins to transport
-phospholipid bilayer
-proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lipid bilayer

A

2 layers
-hydrophilic: heads faces ECM and ICM
-hydrophobic: tails face each other
backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

proteins in membrane

A

integral- span whole bilayer
peripheral- on ECM or ICM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glycolcalyx

A

sugar coat around plasma membrane
allows cells to recognize each other, what is friend or foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cytoplasm

A

cytosol/organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

organelles

A

cytoplasm, nucleus, golgi, centriole, ribosomes, rER, sER, lysosome, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nucleus

A

envelope, pores, chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

transcription

A

occurs in the nucleus, RNA polymerase unzips the double helix DNA and copies it into a new strand of mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

translation

A

mRNA exits out of nuclear pores, meets up with ribosome in the cytoplasm
is read in codons, amino acid is matched to every codon
chain is made and pushed into the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protein production process

A

transcription
translation
lumen to rER
protein packed into transport vesicles and buds from ER
transport vesicles unloads protein to first level of Golgi
Golgi modifies protein structure/packages protein into vesicle
Golgi vesicle containing finished protein pinches off and forms a secretory vesicle
proteins released by exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fates of a protein

A

secreted as hormones
lysosomes- organelle storing enzymes that will eat other organelles
plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

organelles

A

mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

membrane permeability

A

how easy or difficult it is for something to pass through the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

freely permiable

A

easy to flow down concentration gradient (high to low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

passive transport

A

flowing down the concentration gradient using diffusion or facilitated diffusion (channel or carrier mediated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

active transport

A

travelling against the concentration gradient
ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

receptor

A

binds to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gated channel

A

channel that opens and closes to allow solutes through only at certain times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

enzyme

A

breaks down chemical messengers and terminates its effect on the target cell

20
Q

cell identity marker

A

glycoprotein that distinguishes the body’s own cells from foreign cells

21
Q

channel protein

A

consistently open channel that allows solutes to pass into and out of the cell
(passive transport)

22
Q

cell adhesion molecule

A

binds one cell to another

23
Q

glycoprotein

A

protein with carbohydrate chain, recognition marker

24
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

selectively permeable barrier to regulate cellular processes

25
Q

cell junctions

A

determine permeability
proteins help with junctions to other cells
bind to neighboring cells or ECM components
tight junction, gap junction, hemidesmosome, adherents, desmosomes

26
Q

hemidesmosome

A

attaches to cell basal lamina of ECM
anchor the cell to ECM to keep cell in location
attached by cytoskeleton and collagen to ECM

27
Q

desmosome

A

attaches cell to cell
provides elasticity
laterally attaches adjacent cells, stretches/contracts with movement
can with stand environmental stress

28
Q

adherent junctions

A

attaches cell to cell with stable anchoring point
2 neighboring cells
more rigid
allows metastisis

29
Q

tight junction

A

cell to cell and prevent paracellular diffusion
zipper between two adjacent cells, prevents passage of molecules between ECM.
cross linkage of proteins
intestinal cells
blood brain barrier

30
Q

gap junctions

A

cell to cell, establishes passageway
direct passageway for small molecules and ions between 2 cells
allows rapid communication
important in cardiac muscle
gated

31
Q

cell adhesion molecules

A

span membrane and connect cytoskeleton with ECM
integrins, collagen, helps with stand mechanical stress

32
Q

interphase

A

responsible for metabolism and daily activities
G1- cells maturing
S- duplicating DNA
G2- preparing for division

33
Q

mitsosis

A

division of nucleus through prophase (condensed chromatids into chromosomes), metaphase (chromosomes on equator), anaphase (migration), telophase (pinch off)

34
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of cytoplasm and organelles
receives stop signal from proteins, if not there is uncontrolled cell division

35
Q

biomolecules

A

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

36
Q

nucleic acids

A

nucleotides, creates DNA/mRNA/tRNA/rRNA

37
Q

proteins

A

amino acids
perform cellular tasks, provide structure, and regulate cellular processes

38
Q

lipids

A

phospholipid-structural component for membranes
cholesterol- precursor for steroid hormones
acylglycerol- long term energy storage
wax- protective barriers

39
Q

carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide
short and long term energy storage, id tag for glycosylated proteins and lipids

40
Q

genes

A

sequence of nucleotides which is a part of an entire chain that can be turned on and off to be in a protein

41
Q

4 bases

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guamine

42
Q

heterochromatin

A

wrapped around histone protien

43
Q

Euchromatin

A

open for dividing, histone unwraps to make DNA available for transcription

44
Q

chromosomes

A

group of heterochromatin

45
Q
A

anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions