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Anatomy > CNS > Flashcards

CNS Flashcards

1
Q

neural tube

A

folding of ectoderm to form the CNS
tube that folds to become CNS
lumen throughout the tube

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2
Q

rostral

A

closer to nose
forms brain

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3
Q

caudal

A

closer to tail
forms spinal cord

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4
Q

primary vesicles

A

3 budges in the neural tube
forebrain-prosencephalon
midbrain- mesencephalon
hindbrain- rhombencephalon

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5
Q

secondary vesicles

A

5 buldges in the neural tube
when bent starts to form adult brain
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon

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6
Q

skull

A

part of dorsal body cavity
protects brain
have no serous membrane, mengines instead

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7
Q

vertebral column

A

part of dorsal body cavity
protects spinal cord
no serous membrane, mengines instead

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8
Q

meninges

A

serous membranes of the dorsal body cavity
protection of brain/spinal cord
blood/fluid can pool in the spaces between the mengies and cause pressure- meningitis

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9
Q

pia

A

surronds cerebellum and spinal cord

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10
Q

arachnoid

A

between pia and dura
includes trabecula

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11
Q

subarachnoid

A

trabecula and cerebral spinal fluid

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12
Q

dura

A

thickest layer, between arachnoid and skull

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13
Q

choroid plexus

A

manufactures CSF in the lumen
present in the lateral ventricle, 3rd, and 4th ventricle

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14
Q

lateral vesicle

A

from telencephalon (mickey mouse ears)
Left and right
choroid plexus present

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15
Q

interventricular foramen

A

connects the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle

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16
Q

third ventricle

A

located in the diencephalon
has choroid plexus

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17
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

developed by the mesencephalon
No choroid plexus
Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle

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18
Q

fourth ventricle

A

developed by the metencephalon
has choroid plexus

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19
Q

arachnoid villi

A

sucks CSF up and out of the subarachnoid space to avoid too much pressure on the brain

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20
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

Drain venous blood in the cranial cavity

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21
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

L and R, come from telencephalon, divided by longitudinal fissure, include lateral ventricles

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22
Q

fissures

A

deep groove

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23
Q

sulcus

A

grooves caused by development

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24
Q

gyrus

A

bumps caused by development (area between sulci)

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25
Q

frontal lobe

A

Includes-
precentral gyrus, prefrontal lobe, and broca’s area

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26
Q

parietal lobe

A

Includes-
divided from frontal lobe by central sulcus
post central gyrus

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27
Q

central sulcus

A

divides frontal lobe and parietal lobe, divides precentral gyrus from post central gyrus

28
Q

precentral gyrus

A

motor cortex
sends impulse to move a muscle

29
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

sensory cortex

30
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual senses

31
Q

temporal lobe

A

wernicke’s area
auditory cortex

32
Q

lateral sulcus

A

fissure that seperates frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
indent that divides that motor/sensory cortex from other areas

33
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the cerebral gray matter superficial to the white matter of the brain

34
Q

primary motor cortex

A

sends impulses to move a muscle

35
Q

motor homunculus

A

head /face is closest to the lateral sulcus and moves up and around the brain from arms to legs
receives/sends motor information

36
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

receives sensory information like touch, temperature, proprioception, and pain

37
Q

sensory homunculus

A

has the same order/location of body parts, but receives and sends sensory information

38
Q

primary visual cortex

A

visual processing
located in the most ventral area of the occipital lobe

39
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

hearing, located distal to wernicke’s area on the temporal lobe
sends the listening impulse

40
Q

cerebral white matter

A

includes all the tracts of the brain

41
Q

commissural fibers

A

cross the midline, helps the L and R hemisphere communicate with each other
interhemispheric

42
Q

corpus callosum

A

directly superior of the two lateral ventricles
-largest collection of commissural fibers (interhemispheric)
-joins the hemispheres, only way to separate is to cut the bridge.

43
Q

association fibers

A

intrahemispheric
connect functional areas within the L or R hemisphere

44
Q

projection fibers

A

descending motor tracts and ascending sensory tracts
L hemisphere crosses to control R muscles
R hemisphere crosses to control L muscles

45
Q

basal nuclei

A

nuclei buried in white matter
lateral to the third ventricle

46
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus
sit on top of the brain stem

47
Q

thalamus

A

sensory relay center
all sensory pathways stop and synapse in the thalamus and are directed to a location in the cerebrum

48
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates release of hormones by endocrine glands

49
Q

epithalamus

A

produces melatonin to regulate sleep/wake cycle
relies on absence of light to promote melatonin production

50
Q

limbic system

A

memory control
hippocampus: main structure in memories
C shaped because of neural tube
dementia forms here

51
Q

brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
projection fibers pass through the brain stem (both motor and sensory pathways found here)

52
Q

midbrain

A

from mesencephalon
most rostral

53
Q

pons

A

from metencephalon (and rhombencephalon)
inferior to the midbrain, big belly

54
Q

medulla

A

from myelencephalon (and rhombencephalon)
most caudal, interior to pons

55
Q

cerebellum

A

metencephalon of rostral neural tube
transverse fissure seperates the cerebellum from the occipital lobe
refines motor movement, percision
works with basal nuclei for motor control and motor activity, they give permission for movement
Parkinson’s occurs here

56
Q

conus medullaris

A

end of the spinal cord at the disk between L1/L2

57
Q

cauda equina

A

the continuation of the lumbar and sacral nerves past the end of the spinal cord to send/receive from the lower limbs and pelvic organs

58
Q

dorsal horns

A

processing center for information
Central sensory neurons input

59
Q

ventral horns

A

send axons via ventral roots of the motor neurons

60
Q

Development of spinal cord

A

1- neuroectoderm folds
2- forms neural tube, rostral, and caudal
includes lumen-
rostral becomes 5 secondary ventricles
caudal becomes central canal

61
Q

Beginning of spinal cord

A

foramen magnum, at the end of the medullary of brainstem

62
Q

Spinal cord segments

A

wedge of spinal cord
each segment has a pair of spinal nerves L/R

63
Q

filum terminale

A

pia that anchors the spinal cord

64
Q

Filum terminale

A

Pia at conus medullaris
extends from conus to coccyx
runs through lumbar cistern
contains CSF

65
Q

spinal columns

A

contain myelinated tracts carrying sensory information up the cord and motor information down the cord

Anatomy (19 decks)

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