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anatomy > Unit 3 Controlling the Body > Flashcards

Unit 3 Controlling the Body Flashcards

1
Q

nervous tissue

A

spreads a wave of electricity and controls the body through nervous impulses
- includes CNS and PNS

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2
Q

Endocrine system

A

controls the body through chemical messengers hormones in the blood stream, formed by epithelium tissue

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3
Q

Receptors

A

receive information/stimulus

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4
Q

Somatic receptors

A

found in the skin, muscles, and joints
respond to pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception
“general senses”

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5
Q

Visceral receptors

A

found in organs
respond to stretch, baro (pressure), and chemo (chemical)

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6
Q

GSA

A

general somatic afferent pathways

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7
Q

GVA

A

general visceral afferent pathways

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8
Q

afferent pathways

A

convey information from receptors to CNS through afferent pathways

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9
Q

PNS

A

periperal nervous system
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves

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10
Q

Efferent pathways

A

motor pathways, cause a response to the stimulus

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11
Q

GVE

A

general visceral efferent pathways

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12
Q

GSE

A

general somatic efferent pathways

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13
Q

visceral

A

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
involuntary

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14
Q

somatic

A

skeletal muscles
voluntary

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15
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system
self regulated nervous
no voluntary input
involuntary

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16
Q

neuron

A

functional cell of nervous tissue
communicative cells

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17
Q

cell body

A

location of normal cell machinery like nucleus and mitochondria
no cell division/mitosis

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18
Q

Dendrites

A

extension of the plasma membrane increases the surface area
receptive area for neurons

19
Q

Neighboring Neurons

A

Create local potentials
Excitatory or Inhibitory

20
Q

Excitatory neuron

A

depolarizes our neuron (adds charge)

21
Q

inhibitory neuron

A

hyperpolarizes our neuron (less charge)

22
Q

threshold

A

signal our neuron needs to reach to generate its own response

23
Q

resting membrane potential

A

separate charges at plasma membrane

24
Q

Axon hillock

A

response to local potentials reaching threshold

25
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulates axon
increases rate of action potential conduction

26
Q

axon

A

propagates action potential

27
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

between myelin sheath
has to depolarize

28
Q

synapse

A

point of communication to another cell

29
Q

synaptic vesicle

A

storing neurotransmitter granules (protein made in cell body like hormones)
action potential causes release of neurotransmitters, which bind to receptors of dendrites

30
Q

synaptic cleft

A

space where NT are released and bind to receptors

31
Q

Action potential

A

culmination of local potentials at threshold

32
Q

white matter

A

presence of myelin on axons, only seen in CNS

33
Q

grey matter

A

no myelin, phospholipids give grey apperance
cell body or dendrites
only in CNS

34
Q

nerves

A

cluster of axons in the PNS
can be myelinated, not white matter

35
Q

tracts

A

cluster of axons in the CNS
make up white matter

36
Q

nucleus

A

cluster of cell bodies in the CNS
gray matter

37
Q

ganglion

A

cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

38
Q

glia cells

A

supporting neurons in the CNS
can divide uncontrollably and cause a glioma

39
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

myelinating axons in CNS
processes can wrap around many different neurons

40
Q

astrocyte

A

star cells
launch inflammatory process
warp blood vessels to form blood brain barrier
store glucose

41
Q

blood brain barrier

A

barrier to prevent waste from entering nervous tissue
alcohol can pass through
other toxic substances cannot

42
Q

microglia

A

chew up debris from an infection
macrophage role in CT

43
Q

ependymal cell

A

line ventricles
responsible for producing cerebral spinal fluid

44
Q

Schwann cells

A

PNS glia
wrap a neuron axon to create a myelin sheath of lipid bilayers

anatomy (19 decks)

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