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Anatomy > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Long bones

A

majority of bones in the body
has diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, and periosteum
and cavities

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2
Q

types of bone

A

flat, irregular, short, long bones

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3
Q

flat bones

A

shoulder blade bone, skull bones

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4
Q

irregular bones

A

vertebrae

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5
Q

short bones

A

cubes in wrists/ankles

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6
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of the bone
has medullary cavity

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7
Q

medullary cavity

A

hallow cavity filled with yellow marrow (fat/energy storage)

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8
Q

medullary capillary

A

red marrow (blood cell production) in spongey bone

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9
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of bones that connect/articulate to other bones at joints
proximal and distal ends

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10
Q

metaphysis

A

area between diaphysis and epiphysis
location of the growth plate (stops to become epiphytal line between ages 18-22)

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11
Q

epiphyseal plate/line

A

cartilage is replaced with bone everywhere but here after birth
if the growth plate is injured it can cause premature closure of the growth plate (causing odd limb lengths)
plate means it is still growing
line means the growth plate is closed and completely bone

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12
Q

marrow

A

yellow marrow is fat storage in diaphysis
red marrow is red blood cell production in the epiphysis
yellow marrow can be converted to red marrow if traumatic blood loss

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13
Q

periosteum

A

outside of bone covered in connective tissue
only place wit pain receptors (fibers ripping causes shin splints)

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14
Q

endosteum

A

membrane lining the inner surface of bone

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15
Q

articular

A

connecting at joints

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16
Q

cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage makes up all of body when a newborn, slowly gets replaced everywhere but epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

compact

A

no spaces, outside of all bones, cortical bone, can see in gross anatomy

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18
Q

spongy

A

hallow spaces, cancellous bone, can see with microanatomy

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19
Q

ostogenic

A

produce new bone stem cells will further differentiate into osteoblasts

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20
Q

osteoblast

A

responsible for building up bone matrix. will cement into osteocytes

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21
Q

osteocyte

A

mature bone cells trapped in bone matrix laid by osteoblasts

22
Q

osteoclast

A

tear down bone matrix with lysosomes to release calcium into the body

23
Q

matrix

A

made up of collagen and hydroxyapatite

24
Q

inorganic

A

calcium salts, hydroxyapatite
second layer, gives hardness
without it would be extremely flexible

25
Q

organic

A

collagen fiber lays down first, gives flexibility
without it would be extremely brittle

26
Q

hydroxyapatite

A

calcium salts

27
Q

organic > inorganic

A

bendy bones
too flexible
causes rickets/osteomalcia

28
Q

inorganic>organic

A

too brittle
osteogenesis imperfecta: breathing can break bones, any stress and pressure leads to fractures
often suspected as child abuse

29
Q

blast>clast

A

abnormal bone formation, bone tissue where there isn’t supposed to be
ectopic bone formation
myositis ossification

30
Q

clast>blast

A

porus bone because lysosomes chew through too much
higher danger of fracture
osteoporosis

31
Q

osteon

A

one group of lamellae surrounding central canal

32
Q

central canal

A

has blood vessels and nerves in center of osteon

33
Q

lacunae

A

nest of osteoblasts

34
Q

lamellae

A

3 layers of matrix made up of collagen and calcium salt

35
Q

canaliculi

A

gap junctions connecting lacunae by cement

36
Q

trabeculae

A

spaces between flat bones of the skull at birth

37
Q

endochondral ossification

A

development of bone within cartilage, results in growth plate
fetal hyaline cartilage develops to bone with invasion of blood vessels with osteoblasts which lay down matrix.
cartilage is replaced everywhere but metaphysis

38
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

no cartilage, membrane/mesenchyme from mesoderm
invaded by blood vessels and osteoblasts to create matrix
skull bones form by calcifying osteoid tissue and trapping osteocytes
compact bone on both inside and outside with spongey bone on the inside

39
Q

remodeling

A

getting rid of excess bone to form original shape after a fracture heals

40
Q

process of repair

A

reduction-bone needs realignment for proper shape
clot formation- blood delivered to set up calluses
soft calluses- with osteoblasts lay down matrix to create
hard calluses
remodeling gets rid of excess to form originals shape

41
Q

bone desposition

A

process of new bone being formed

42
Q

bone resorption

A

process by which bones are absorbed and broken down by the body

43
Q

fracture

A

occurs when force>resistance

44
Q

reduction

A

open reduction: going inside to realign with pins/screws/plates

45
Q

hematoma

A

closed reduction: manually manipulating back into place

46
Q

Interstial growth

A

grows in length

47
Q

Appositional growth

A

growth in width
osteoblasts need to be deposited into the periphery
bone needs to be chewed on by osteoclasts so that bone is not too thick

48
Q

forces placed on bone

A

compression
tension
torsion

49
Q

Compression

A

pushing force
gravity
resisted by hardness

50
Q

tension

A

pulling force, muscle always pulling on bones to keep us in position
tendons contract and pull on bones
resisted by flexibility

51
Q

Torsion

A

twisting force on bone
resisted by different orientations of collagen within lamellae

Anatomy (19 decks)

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