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anatomy > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Mucosa

A

lumen with direct contact with bolus

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2
Q

submucosa

A

contains autonomic nerves and glands which send secertions through tubes into the lumen

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3
Q

muscularis

A

smooth muscle that is responsible for peristalsis

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4
Q

peristalsis

A

involuntary contractions that move food through the GI tract, nerves that control these contractions in the muscularis come from the submucosa

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5
Q

serosa

A

connective tissue

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6
Q

peritoneum

A

serous membrane that holds the stomach, liver, spleen, and SI and LI in the abdominal cavity

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7
Q

visceral vs parietal

A

visceral lines the organs
fluid sac inbetween
parietal lines the abdominal cavity walls

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8
Q

palate

A

roof of mouth
hard palate- anterior immobile with bone
soft palate: posterior mobile (helps in swallowing)

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9
Q

salivary glands

A

parotid, sublingual, salivary, submandibular
surrond the oral cavity and make saliva
deliver saliva to the oral cavity to help form the bolus
contributes to salivary amylase enzymes that begin breakddown of carbs
makes bread taste sweet

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10
Q

parotid

A

sits just in front of the ears
one on each side of the face

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11
Q

submandibular

A

part of the submandibular triangle, have a superficial and deep lobe

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12
Q

sublingual

A

smallest of salivary glands
lies between floor muscles of oral cavity

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13
Q

fauces

A

bolus is sent through the fauces to the oropharynx

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14
Q

pharynx

A

oropharynx- passes by palatine tonsils
laryngopharynx- epiglottis covers the trachea when swallowing food
enters esophagus

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15
Q

esophagus

A

peristalsis begins, we loose involuntary swallowing control
tube down to the esophageal sphincter, then to stomach

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16
Q

esophageal sphincter

A

tightens and prevents acid/stomach content from leaking into the esophagus, if not working can cause GERD

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17
Q

stomach

A

continuation of mechanical digestion
chemical digestion of proteins using pepsin

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18
Q

cardia

A

entrance section to the stomach

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19
Q

fundus

A

“apex” of the stomach

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20
Q

body

A

largest and main part of the stomach
where food break down occurs

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21
Q

pylorus

A

muscular valve that controls food exit

22
Q

rugae

A

temporary gold of mucosa that stretch to allow space for food
if you eat a big meal the mucosa is smooth
empty stomach the mucosa rugae will show

23
Q

caridac sphincters

A

aka esophageal sphincter, controls reflux back into the esophagus

24
Q

pyloric sphincters

A

sphincter into the duodenum, prevents too much chyme and acid from entering the small intestine

25
Q

Gastric glands

A

glands that release pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and mucus into the stomach
come from holes in the mucosa leading to the submucosa

26
Q

chief cells

A

produce pepsinogen, a precursor to pepsin which is the active enzyme in digesting proteins

27
Q

parietal cells

A

produce hydrocholic acid, which create the acidic environment needed to convert pepsinogen into pepsin
the acid in GERD

28
Q

goblet cells

A

unicellular glands that produce mucus, needed in stomach to form a layer over the mucosa to prevent acid erosion

29
Q

omentum

A

adipose tissue superficial to the abdominal organs of digestion that prevent the visceral and parietal peritoneum from adhering to each other or the abdominal wall

30
Q

small intestine

A

location of absorption
contains duodenum, jejunum, ileum
folds of small intestine allow for large surface area and high nutrient absorption into the blood

31
Q

duodenum

A

location of chemical digestion
chyme enters
pancreatic duct and bile duct enter delivering pancreatic juice and bile to digest proteins and fats

32
Q

jeunum

A

location of most absorption in the SI

33
Q

ileum

A

Absorbs vitamins in the SI

34
Q

plicae circulares

A

largest folds of the small intestine
allow for high nutrient absorption
permanent folds

35
Q

villie

A

bumps on the plicae
finger like projections

36
Q

microvilli

A

border the villi
hairlike structures

37
Q

large intestine

A

defecation and absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins
creates feces

38
Q

cecum

A

large absorption of water

39
Q

ascending colon

A

absorption of water and minerals

40
Q

transverse colon

A

absorbs water and salts

41
Q

descending colon

A

stores feces that will be emptied into the rectum

42
Q

sigmoid colon

A

stores fecal waste until it is ready to leave the body

43
Q

rectum

A

holding area for stool as it is ready to expel

44
Q

liver

A

creates bile which is stored in the gallbladder
filters toxins from the absorbed nutrients out the blood before it enters the systemic circuit

45
Q

lobes

A

Anterior: Right and Left
Posterior: Caudate and quadrate

46
Q

hepatic portal vein

A

brings in blood with nutrients, toxins, and full dosage of drugs to the liver

47
Q

hepatic vein

A

expels clean blood to the ICV, no toxins, nutrients, and diminished drug dosage

48
Q

gallbladder

A

holds bile until it is released into the bile duct

49
Q

pancreas

A

creates and expels pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct
enzymes to continue digestion

50
Q

exocrine pancreas

A

secretion of digestive enzymes, water, ions, into the duodenum

51
Q

endocrine

A

release of hormones into the digestive tract, such as gastrin
pancreas has endocrine function to release insulin and glucagon in response to the blood sugar levels

anatomy (19 decks)

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