Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

external respiration: gas exchange between blood and air sacs in lungs
internal respiration: gas exchange between capillaries and tissues

Question 2

nasal cavity

Answer 2

entrance of air conditions air so that it is warm (nasal capillaries), humidified (mucus membrane/goblet) and filtered/clean (vibrissae-nose hairs)

Question 3

conchae

Answer 3

aka turbinate
superior, middle, inferior
mix air so that is has greater exposure to the mucus membrane and has more conditioning

Question 4

internal/external nares

Answer 4

nostrils separated by the nasal septum

Question 5

paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

connect to the nasal cavity via ostia (holes) which produce and drain mucus to the sinuses
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

nasopharynxy, oropharynxy, laryngopharynxy
throat, bring air and food to the larynx

Question 7

naso pharynx

Answer 7

after choanae
only air
has adnoid tonsils
connects the nasal cavity to the pharynx

Question 8

oro pharynx

Answer 8

after fauces
bolus (food) and air
palantine tonsils

Question 9

laryngo pharynx

Answer 9

sends air anterior to the larynx
Deglutition occurs here
epiglottis seals the airway when swallowing food

Question 10

tonsils

Answer 10

adenoids and palatine
have lymphatic B cells and T cells to destroy pathogens in the food and air before they enter the body

Question 11

hard palate

Answer 11

separation between the nasal and the oral cavity

Question 12

larynx unpaired cartilage

Answer 12

epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid

Question 13

thyroid

Answer 13

largest
has r/l wings
is the adam’s apple

Question 14

cricoid

Answer 14

most inferior
makes a complete ring

Question 15

epiglottis

Answer 15

most superior
most flexible
lid over glottis to prevent aspiration by closing the trachea

Question 16

artenoid

Answer 16

paired cartilage
attaches the vocal cords
true cords vibrate as they don’t have horizontal attachment
false cords don’t vibrate

Question 17

true vocal cords

Answer 17

true cords vibrate as they don’t have horizontal attachment
inferior layer of infolded membrane

Question 18

trachea

Answer 18

wind pipe
made up of 16-20 C shaped cartilage rings
connects larynx to the bronchi
has smooth muscle that can increase and decrease the air way diameter

Question 19

primary bronchi

Answer 19

largest bronchi branches
branches into 2ndary, tertiary, and then into bronchioles

Question 20

respiratory bronchioles

Answer 20

narrowest airways of the lungs
where gas exchange occurs
branch in to alveolar ducts

Question 21

lungs

Answer 21

cause inspiration and exhalation (mechanical)
in separate pleural membranes
L lung has a cardiac impression
has alveoli’s where gas exchange occurs

Question 22

right vs left lung

Answer 22

L lung has cardiac impression
R lung has 3 lobes
L lung has 2 lobes

Question 23

apex

Answer 23

top, reaches right above the clavicle

Question 24

base

Answer 24

bottom of the lung, reaches diaphram

Question 25

fissures

Answer 25

oblique- on both the lungs, seperated inferior region from superior region
horizontal- only on right lung, creates a middle region

Question 26

hilum

Answer 26

indentation which isa point of entrance for arteries and veins
depression down the middle of the lungs

Question 27

alevoli

Answer 27

alveolar duct is where gas exchange occurs, lined by basement membrane and directly next to the capillary beds, O2 and CO2 can easily move between the barrier

Question 28

pleura

Answer 28

the cavity in which each lung sits in
includes a parietal layer, fluid sac, and visceral layer

Question 29

parietal

Answer 29

outer layer of the pleura, in contract with surrounding organs

Question 30

visceral

Answer 30

inner layer of pleura, in contract with the lungs