Renal Anatomy: Gross Structure of the Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

This is waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body. This would normally contain water, salts, urea, metabolites, hormones, small proteins.

A

Urine

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2
Q

True or False. Urine is tightly regulated and influenced by what is excreted.

A

False. Urine is not tightly regulated.

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3
Q

What are the 4 main components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys (2), Ureters (2), urinary bladder and urethra

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4
Q

Where are the kidneys orientated? (in terms of vertebra?

A

Between T12 and L3 vertebra (11th and 12th rib)

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5
Q

How are the convex sides orientated in the kidney?

A

Laterally

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6
Q

This is a concave notch in the medial surface that contains renal blood vessel, lymphatics, nerves and ureter.

A

Hilum

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7
Q

What are the 3 structures that protect the kidneys?

A

Perirenal fat casule
Fibrous capsule
Ribs (11th and 12th rib)

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8
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Posterior to the abdominal wall covered by peritoneum on the anterior side (so it is a retroperitoneal organ)

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9
Q

What are the 3 regions of the kidney?

A

Cortex, medulla, pelvis

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10
Q

This is a region of the kidney that’s divided into pyramids. Each pyramid ends in a papilla which collects all of the drained waste/fluid.

A

Inner medulla

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11
Q

This is a region of the kidney that is a continuous layer and has renal columns. It surrounds the nephron.

A

Outer cortex

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12
Q

These are tiny tubes that filter from blood and create urine. These are found in kidney lobes

A

Nephrons.

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13
Q

Urine drains from each papilla and collects in a?

A

Calyx

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14
Q

Calyces join together to form a?

A

Renal pelvis

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15
Q

As the pelvis narrows to exit the hilum, it becomes known as what structure?

A

Ureter

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16
Q

What region does filtration occur in the kidney?

A

Cortex (specifically in the nephrons)

17
Q

These deliver the blood from arteries to the glomerulus.

A

Afferent arterioles

18
Q

These deliver blood from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries.

A

Efferent arterioles

19
Q

What are the 2 capillary networks in the kidney?

A

Glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries

20
Q

This is where filtration occurs in the glomerulus.

A

Glomerular capillary/nephron

21
Q

These are responsible for carrying blood to the veins from the capillary network.

A

Peritubular capillaries

22
Q

What is the blood flow of blood supply into the kidneys?

A

abdominal aorta > renal artery > series of arteries > afferent arteriole > glomerular capillaryW

23
Q

What is the blood flow of blood supply away from the cortex? (after the blood’s been filtered?)

A

efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries > series of veins > renal veins > inferior vena cava

24
Q

The nerve supply within the kidney is innervated by what kinds of nerves?

A

Autonomic nerves and ganglia => renal plexus

25
Q

These act to adjust the diameter of renal arterioles and thus regulate blood flow.

A

Sympathetic nerves

26
Q

These are the microscopic functional unit of the kidney.

A

Nephron