H.D - Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Gross motor development

A

-combine upper and lower body skills
-EX: running, jumping, catching, throwing
-Balance improves

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1
Q

Fine motor development

A

-EX: drawing, writting, using utensils
-Show preference on hand
-tadpole drawings -> just focus on the obvious (face)

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2
Q

Growth in hemispheres

A

-3-6 yrs, left hemisphere grows dramatically (language skills)
-right hemisphere continues to grow (recognizing shapes)

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3
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

-Helps coordinate both sides of body
-Growth spurt between 3-6 yrs
-EX: difficulty to make X infront of them

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4
Q

Piaget: Pre-operational Stage

A

-2-7 yrs
-Children use symbols to represent words, images, and ideas (imagination, pretend play)
-Symbolic Thought
-Start to use language
-Cannot understand adult logic

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5
Q

Operational

A

Logical manipulation of information
-Children are “pre”operational -> Children’s logic is based on own personal knowledge

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6
Q

Conservation

A

-Recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity
-EX: which stick is longer, which tube has more liquid

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7
Q

Centration

A

-Children focus on the obvious rather than all aspects of the situation
-EX: focused on the five cut pieces, rather than the entire slice of pizza

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8
Q

Egocentrism

A

-Attribute their own perspective to situations
-don’t think about other perspectives
-EX: you like barbies, your brother will also like barbies

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9
Q

Animism

A

-Attributing life-like qualities to objects
-think objects that move are alive

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10
Q

Criticism of Piaget

A

underestimated intellectual capabilities of pre-operational children

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11
Q

Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky

A

-When children are almost able to perform a task successfully, but not quite w/o assistance of their own
-What children can achieve w someone vs by themselves
-“difference”-> zone
-EX; Children tie their shoes w vs w/o assistance

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12
Q

Scaffolding

A

-Fist give a lot of help to child, and slowly reducing help

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13
Q

Private Speech

A

Vygotsky
Believed they use it to talk to themselves and help w problem solving
Very important behavior for learning

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14
Q

Egocentric Speech

A

Piaget
Speech that is focused on the child and does not include another’s point of view

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15
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Ability to think about other
EX: Sally and Ann false belief system
-> mature child knows where Ann is going to look for ball
-> Immature can be empathetic, but egocentric way (e.g someone’s hurt, they give them a band aid)

16
Q

Diverse Desire
Theory of Mind

A

Two people might have different desires regarding the same object

17
Q

Knowledge Access: People may or may not have access to information
Theory of Mind

A

Knowledge Access: People may or may not have access to information

18
Q

False Belief
Theory of Mind

A

Someone may hold a belief based on false information

19
Q

Fantasy Play

A

Involves symbolism and child’s imagination

20
Q

Gender- Segregated Play

A

-Due to gender schema theory
-Later in childhood

21
Q

Pretend play important for:

A

-imagination
-social development
-problem solving
-critical thinking
-regulation attention/behavior
-ability to take other ppl’s perspectives
-independency

22
Q

Gender Schema

A

-Associate specific sex with objects, activities, roles, traits in culturally stereotypical ways
-Early in childhood
-When gender identity is developed
-cultural and social factors

23
Q

Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

A

All types of abuse, neglect and other potentially traumatic experiences that occur before the age of 18
-All demographics can be affected
-associated w higher exposure (black, multiracial, lesbian, gay, less education, low income)
-Does not determine your life
-resilience

24
Q

Self-Concept

A

Self descri[tion according to various categories
EX: external and internal categories
3-5 yrs

25
Q

Self-Esteem

A

Evaluative judgement of who we are
-development of cognitive skills, improved perceptions of who we are
-children have positive self image, lack of social comparisons