H.D - Chapter 4

Question 1

Gross motor development

Answer 1

-combine upper and lower body skills
-EX: running, jumping, catching, throwing
-Balance improves

Question 1

Fine motor development

Answer 1

-EX: drawing, writting, using utensils
-Show preference on hand
-tadpole drawings -> just focus on the obvious (face)

Question 2

Growth in hemispheres

Answer 2

-3-6 yrs, left hemisphere grows dramatically (language skills)
-right hemisphere continues to grow (recognizing shapes)

Question 3

Corpus Callosum

Answer 3

-Helps coordinate both sides of body
-Growth spurt between 3-6 yrs
-EX: difficulty to make X infront of them

Question 4

Piaget: Pre-operational Stage

Answer 4

-2-7 yrs
-Children use symbols to represent words, images, and ideas (imagination, pretend play)
-Symbolic Thought
-Start to use language
-Cannot understand adult logic

Question 5

Operational

Answer 5

Logical manipulation of information
-Children are “pre”operational -> Children’s logic is based on own personal knowledge

Question 6

Conservation

Answer 6

-Recognize that moving or rearranging matter does not change the quantity
-EX: which stick is longer, which tube has more liquid

Question 7

Centration

Answer 7

-Children focus on the obvious rather than all aspects of the situation
-EX: focused on the five cut pieces, rather than the entire slice of pizza

Question 8

Egocentrism

Answer 8

-Attribute their own perspective to situations
-don’t think about other perspectives
-EX: you like barbies, your brother will also like barbies

Question 9

Animism

Answer 9

-Attributing life-like qualities to objects
-think objects that move are alive

Question 10

Criticism of Piaget

Answer 10

underestimated intellectual capabilities of pre-operational children

Question 11

Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky

Answer 11

-When children are almost able to perform a task successfully, but not quite w/o assistance of their own
-What children can achieve w someone vs by themselves
-“difference”-> zone
-EX; Children tie their shoes w vs w/o assistance

Question 12

Scaffolding

Answer 12

-Fist give a lot of help to child, and slowly reducing help

Question 13

Private Speech

Answer 13

Vygotsky
Believed they use it to talk to themselves and help w problem solving
Very important behavior for learning

Question 14

Egocentric Speech

Answer 14

Piaget
Speech that is focused on the child and does not include another’s point of view

Question 15

Theory of Mind

Answer 15

Ability to think about other
EX: Sally and Ann false belief system
-> mature child knows where Ann is going to look for ball
-> Immature can be empathetic, but egocentric way (e.g someone’s hurt, they give them a band aid)

Question 16

Diverse Desire
Theory of Mind

Answer 16

Two people might have different desires regarding the same object

Question 17

Knowledge Access: People may or may not have access to information
Theory of Mind

Answer 17

Knowledge Access: People may or may not have access to information

Question 18

False Belief
Theory of Mind

Answer 18

Someone may hold a belief based on false information

Question 19

Fantasy Play

Answer 19

Involves symbolism and child’s imagination

Question 20

Gender- Segregated Play

Answer 20

-Due to gender schema theory
-Later in childhood

Question 21

Pretend play important for:

Answer 21

-imagination
-social development
-problem solving
-critical thinking
-regulation attention/behavior
-ability to take other ppl’s perspectives
-independency

Question 22

Gender Schema

Answer 22

-Associate specific sex with objects, activities, roles, traits in culturally stereotypical ways
-Early in childhood
-When gender identity is developed
-cultural and social factors

Question 23

Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Answer 23

All types of abuse, neglect and other potentially traumatic experiences that occur before the age of 18
-All demographics can be affected
-associated w higher exposure (black, multiracial, lesbian, gay, less education, low income)
-Does not determine your life
-resilience

Question 24

Self-Concept

Answer 24

Self descri[tion according to various categories
EX: external and internal categories
3-5 yrs

Question 25

Self-Esteem

Answer 25

Evaluative judgement of who we are
-development of cognitive skills, improved perceptions of who we are
-children have positive self image, lack of social comparisons